Cognitive Psychology
What is cognitive psychology?
Harry Harlow Monkey Experiment
american psychology professor responsible for developing experiments using primates.
Believed that infants formed attachment with those who provided them with affection rather than physical needs.
Cerebrum
largest, most developed part of the brain. controls memories, understanding and logic.
Made up of billions of neurons
neuroscientist studies it
What is neurodivergence?
means that there are many differences in the way people's brains work.
Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory (Learning theory)
provide a framework for understanding and changing human behaviour.
main point: learning takes place by observation, imitation, and modelling.
TRIADIC RECIPROCAL CAUSATION - behaviour can influence personal factors and vice-versa
Mary Ainsworth Attachment findings
Secure attachment- 70%: infant explores environment with caregiver, visibly upset when caregiver leaves
Avoidant attachment- 20%: infants upset when caregiver left, ambivalent when caregiver returns
Resistant attachment- 10%: did not explore very much, whether or not the caregiver was there, show little emotion upon caregivers departure and return
Insecure attachment: often connected to avoidant and resistant, trust is not present in the relationship. NOT PART OF THE ORIGINAL STUDY
Perception
Refers to the way sensory information is organized, interpreted, and consciously experienced.
Ex, 66 or 99
When was the term coined?
In the 1990s to fight stigma and promote acceptance of people with autism.
The BoBo doll experiment
Exposure to aggressive modelling
Bottom-up Processing
perceptions are built from sensory input.
ex. road markings
Elizabeth Loftus False Memories
studying false memories and the flexibility and reliability of repressed memories.
know for the shopping mall experiment:
29% of participants remembered at least part of the false event
25% continuing to remember it in 2 follow up interviews.
Understanding how false memories are implanted can help psychologists understand how a person can be led to remember something that never happened.
Top-down Processing
how we interpret those sensations is influenced by our available knowledge, our experiences, and our thoughts.
ex. B or 13 / THE STROOP EFFECT blue pink green
Leta Stetter Hollingworth
one of the first women to debunk men's alleged superiority.
at the time men claimed women were not fit to work or be educated during their period because they were too unstable.
Doctors called this "mental illness" for women who became overly emotional- HYSTERIA
Hysteria - Geek word for uterus
Sensory adaptation
we don't often perceive stimuli that are relatively constant over long periods of time.
Ex. smell, taste.
Failure to notice something that is visible because of a lack of attention is called inattentional blindness.