Neurons and Synapses
This branch-like part of the neuron receives messages from other neurons.
Dendrites
This division of the peripheral nervous system carries messages to and from the voluntary, skeletal muscles.
Somatic Nervous System
Meaning "little brain," this hindbrain structure coordinates balance, posture, and fine, rapid motor movement.
cerebellum
This mental terminology lets people group objects, events, or activities into a class without thinking about every individual example.
Concept
This French psychologist, working with Théodore Simon, created the first formal intelligence test and introduced the concept of __________
Alfred Binet and mental age
This all-or-none electrical event is the reversal of charge that sweeps down the axon after a neuron is sufficiently stimulated.
Action Potential
Located just below the hypothalamus, this endocrine gland is called the "master gland" because it influences all the other hormone-secreting glands.
Pituitary gland
Named for its seahorse-like shape, this limbic structure is essential for forming ______________.
Hippocampus helps in consolidation of long term declarative memory.
Sometimes called a "rule of thumb,"
Heuristics - this educated guess narrows down possible solutions to a problem but doesn't guarantee a correct answer the way an algorithm does.
MA = 80
CA = 110
IQ = ?
MA/CA x 100 = 72.72
This process pulls released neurotransmitters back into the presynaptic vesicles so they can be reused.
Reuptake
Sometimes called the "fight-or-flight" system.
This division of the autonomic nervous system prepares the body to deal with stress. The Sympathetic Nervous system
This neuroimaging method injects the person with radioactive glucose and produces a color-coded image showing which brain cells are most metabolically active.
PET (positron emission tomography)
This barrier to problem solving happens when a person can only think of an object in terms of its typical use
Functional fixedness
triarchic theory of intelligence
Robert Sternberg's theory proposing that intelligence has analytical, creative, and practical components.
Too little of this neurotransmitter in one brain area causes Parkinson's disease; too much in another is linked to schizophrenia symptoms.
Dopamine
This organ secretes insulin and _________. Name the organ and the other hormone
Pancreas secretes glucagon and insulin.
Damage to this left-frontal-lobe area leaves speech halting and mispronounced, even though comprehension stays intact —
Broca's Aphasia
this type starts from one point and branches out into many different possible ideas or solutions.
Divergent thinking
This property of a test describes how well it actually measures what it claims to measure
Validity
This class of chemical messengers — which includes endorphins — can act as neurotransmitters, hormones, or modulators of other neurotransmitters.
Neuropeptides
What are interneurons
Found in the center of the spinal cord, these neurons receive input from afferent (sensory) neurons and relay commands to efferent (motor) neurons, forming a reflex arc.
Roger Sperry cut this thick band of fibers connecting the two cerebral hemispheres in his Nobel Prize–winning split-brain research.
Corpus callosum
Difference between representative and availability heuristics
Availability heuristic leads people to overestimate how common or likely something is simply because examples of it come easily to mind. Representativeness heuristic — judging how likely something is based on how much it resembles a typical case or stereotype, ignoring actual base rates or probabilities.
This term describes the tendency of an IQ test to reflect, in language, dialect, and content, the culture of the people who designed it.
Cultural bias