Sleep/Dreams
We know little about sleep because it's hard to study. What device do we use to study sleep?
Electroencephalograph (EEG)
Define hypnosis:
A state of altered consciousness when people become highly suggestible
What do you focus on when practicing transcendental meditation?
mantra or phrase, Om Mani Padme Hum
What does psychoactive mean?
Drugs interact with the central nervous system and alter mood, perception, and behavior
What is tolerance?
Prolonged use of a drug means doses must be increased in order to have the same effect
The REM stage of sleep is the only time a person ___ .
Dreams
What is a Posthypnotic Suggestion?
Hypnotists suggests things for participants to remember or forget when the trance ends
Being aware of self and environment is what psychologist call ____ .
Consciousness
Which type of drug is used by the medical community as a painkiller?
opiates
What type of drug is caffeine, and in what products is it found?
A stimulant, found in tea, coacoa, & coffee.
This occurs in which sleep stage? Night terrors, sleepwalk, bed wetting, difficult to wake
Stage 4, or last stage
How long must a person be asleep, before hypnosis can begin working?
A subject must be awake for hypnosis to work
What do you focus on when practicing mindfulness meditation?
head to toe, your body
Cocaine & amphetamines fall into which category of drugs?
stimulants
What type of drug causes different areas of the brain to fire together, altering visual and auditory perception?
hallucinogens
Name 1 negative consequence of not sleeping:
Psychological disturbances, stop growing, lack of learning, headaches, hormonal imbalance
Research proves that hypnosis can help end 2 unwanted behaviors. Name one:
smoking / overeating
Define meditation:
Focusing attention on a thought, with the goal of producing relaxation.
Head trauma, insomnia, & lack of water can all cause ____ .
hallucinations
In the U.S., the most widely-used consciousness-altering substance is ___ .
How long does it take for a person to pass through all stages of sleep?
90 minutes
What is Hypnotic Analgesia?
Pain reduction by patients after undergoing hypnosis
What do you focus on when practicing loving-kindness meditation?
good feelings for self and others
What type of drug causes nerve cells not to fire, causing the user to become unconscious?
depressants
How do opiates make you feel?
They produce analgesia and a pleasurable state (between awake and asleep)
What is sleep apnea?
Temporary cessation in breathing during sleep.
Athletes like Michael Phelps (swimmer) practice ___ -___ , picturing the athletic behaviors before they happen
self-hypnosis
Focusing on different thoughts & images, while using a machine, to change aspects of the body:
Biofeedback
_____ is a depressant, although it can feel like a stimulant.
alcohol
Neurotransmitters are imitated by _____ , hooking onto the dendrite of a neuron & sending its chemical message
drug molecules
Does a person spend more time in REM sleep or Non-REM sleep?
75% Non-REM, 25% REM
Theodore Barber argued hypnosis was not a special state. What did he believe?
People should believe in themselves and try harder
Which meditation technique slows the aging process?
loving-kindness
Unlike cocaine, heroine, & nicotine, marijuana is not _____ .
physically addictive
Name 1 of the 2 images that hallucinogen uses report seeing:
1 geometric shapes / 2 colors
Research claims that we usually experience ____ emotions during our dreams.
Negative (fear, anger, sorrow)
You can be hypnotized to do things against your will. T or F
F. Anyone can resist hypnosis by refusing to open their mind to the hypnotist
Buddhist monks gave us which meditation type?
Mindfulness Meditation
Name 1 of the 3 ailments that marijuana is used to treat:
glaucoma, multiple sclerosis, chemotherapy
Social effects of drinking: Men led to believe they drank alcohol, were drinking tonic water, but still became ___ .
aggressive, & felt less anxious
What does REM stand for?
Rapid Eye Movement
Ernest Hilgard believed hypnosis was a special state. He believe a ___ ___ watched us & reported during hypnosis.
Hidden Observer
One meditation process slows aging; Describe the physical process:
it slows the shortening of telomeres, on the ends of chromosomes
Alcohol & bartituates fall into which category of drug?
depressants
___ : using illegal drugs, or overusing legal drugs.
___ : overwhelming desire to use drugs. Answer one:
Drug Abuse / Addiction
Compare insomnia and narcolepsy:
limited sleep for prolonged time / unusual sleep patterns & always feels sleepy
Which words describe the relationship between hypnotist and patient? dominance & control, or convince & cooperation.
convince / cooperation
How does biofeedback reduce tension headaches?
Teaches patient to relax frontalis muscle in forehead
What are capillaries?
Smallest blood vessels where drug molecules enter the body
What type of drug is LSD? (lysergic acid diethylamide)
hallucinogen