Learning
When Ivan Pavlov consistently rang a bell before feeding the dogs in his laboratory, such that he got the dogs to salivate to just the sound of the bell ringing, he was converting a neutral stimuls into this.
What is a conditioned stimulus?
______ memory lasts for approximately 20 to 30 seconds.
What is short-term (memory)?
The scenario: During Jack's first two years in college, he took one history class every semester & found each professor extremely entertaining. This prompted him to take European History with Professor Smith, whom he found terribly boring. After dropping the class, Jack concluded that history teachers are not all entertaining. The fact that he changed his mind based on this recent experience is best described as ______.
What is accommodation?
The smallest units of meaning in a language.
What are morphemes?
In John Watson's "Little Albert" experiment, fear of white rats was the ______ response.
What is the conditioned (response)?
What is context-dependent memory?
The scenario: Zachary, who loves sugary carbonated drinks, reads a magazine article about how bad such beverages are for one's health. As such, Zachary is least likely to accept the article's conclusions & continue to consume the same number of sugary carbonated drinks after reading the article. This is according to ______ ______ theory.
What is cognitive dissonance (theory)?
The word "unhappiness" has ______ morphemes.
What is three?
The scenario: Jill commits a minor criminal offense. Consequently, a judge orders her to perform community service (picking up garbage along the side of the highway). This is best described as ______ punishment.
What is positive (punishment)?
The scenario: When she was in elementary school, Matilda became quite good at playing the recorder. She is a teenager now & has not picked up a recorder in many years. When she tries to resume playing the instrument, she finds it very difficult to locate the correct finger positions. This is an example of ______.
What is pruning of neural networks?
The scenario: Instead of throwing away an empty wine bottle, Julie paints it & uses it as a vase to display flowers. As such, Julie has overcome ______.
What is functional fixedness?
______ area of the brain is largely responsible for language comprehension.
What is Wernicke's (area)?
The scenario: reciting a telephone number by the area code first (followed by a pause), the first three digits second (followed by a pause), and the last four digits third. This is an example of ______.
What is chunking?
The scenario: While driving to school, Elise hears about a concert ticket giveaway on the radio. She has to be the seventh caller to win. While pulling over so that she can call in, she repeats the phone number to herself several times. To remember the phone number, Elise was using ______.
What is maintenance rehearsal?
The scenario: Ned is trying to read a cookie recipe that has been partially torn. He sees the letters "b" and "u" and correctly concludes that the word is "butter." This is an example of ______ processing.
What is top-down (processing)?
The tendency of young children learning language to overuse the rules of syntax is referred to as ______.
What is overgeneralization?
The scenario: Veronica works exhausting double shifts at her job all month in order to receive a large paycheck. This is an example of ______ drive-reduction.
What is secondary (drive-reduction)?
The scenario: While browsing in a bookstore, Vhamala is drawn to a particular book title. After a moment, she realizes that this book is one that a friend had been talking about at lunch the other day. The fact that Vhamala remembers that the book was mentioned at a recent lunch is an example of ______.
What is episodic memory?
The scenario: Greg thinks that good-looking people are more likely to commit murder than they really are because the media tends to focus on such cases. This is an example of the ______ heuristic.
What is the availability (heuristic)?
The scenario: Jenny is diagnosed with ______ after a severe blow to the head. As a result, she will most likely be unable to converse with a group of friends.
What is aphasia?