Learning and Behavior
Also known as respondent conditioning, Pavlovian conditioning, and associative learning. Involves the training of a biologically inherited behavior that is triggered by a specific evolutionarily important environmental event to occur in the presence of a new stimulus.
What is classical conditioning?
A memory store containing whatever currently inhabits the conscious mind.
What is short term memory?
Ability to control and organize bodily movements, such as in sports. (Type of intelligence)
What is bodily-kinesthetic intelligence?
Focuses on the relation between the behavior and the environmental changes that the behavior produces.
What is operant conditioning?
Russian physiologist who worked with dogs and their salivary responses.
Who is Ivan Pavlov?
The ABCs of behavior
What are antecedents, behaviors, and consequences?
A form of memory that contains both storage and processing mechanisms.
What is working memory?
The smallest unit of sound in a language
What are phonemes?
Memories that can't be expressed in words but are memories for how to do a certain skill.
What are procedural memories?
Was the first and last person to have hippocampi removed via surgery. Did not have new episodic or new semantic memories after surgery.
Who is H.M.?
The closer together in time and space the presentation of the US and the NS, the stronger the conditioned response
What is contiguity?
A function relating elapsed time to the amount of information that can be recalled; determined by Ebbinghaus's nonsense syllable experiment.
What is the forgetting curve?
The facts, information, and details that we know.
Crystallized intelligence
Environmental events that influence out behavior only after we have learned that these events are valuable.
What are secondary reinforcers?
Conducted a car crash experiment and a shopping mall to test the misinformation effect.
Who is Beth Loftus?
What is positive punishment?
A memory phenomenon in which people falsely recall information presented after an event as having been part of the event.
What is the misinformation effect?
A way of solving problems that relies on inexact rules, so it is error prone but faster than algorithms.
How we are able to process information and develop solutions to problems
What is fluid intelligence?
Opponent to the internal focus of psychology, thought the three goals of psychology should be:
1. Focus on the role of environmental events in relation to behavior change
2. Strive to predict behavior and environmental influences
3. The study of behavior should be the final objective of research
Who is John Watson?
A response is rewarded after an allotted period of time.
A type of declarative memory; memories of specific events
What are episodic memories?
Shift in psychology from strict behaviorism to investigating ways the brain creates the mind.
What is the cognitive revolution?
Measure of how far scores typically deviate from the mean
What is standard deviation?
American psychologist who was interested in trial-and-error learning. Placed cats inside of puzzle boxes that required them to perform various tasks to escape.
Who is Edward Thorndike?