Key Terms
focus on observing and controlling behavior
Behaviorism
long research paper about research that was conducted as a part of the candidate’s doctoral training
Dissertation
study of how biology influences behavior
Biopsychology
area of psychology that applies the science and practice of psychology to issues within and related to the justice system
Forensic Psychology
was a German scientist who was the first person to be referred to as a psychologist.
Wilhelm Wundt
focused on how mental activities helped an organism adapt to its environment
Functionalism
method for acquiring knowledge based on observation, including experimentation, rather than a method based only on forms of logical argument or previous authorities
Empirical Method
area of psychology that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and other problematic patterns of behavior
Clinical Psychology
study of patterns of thoughts and behaviors that make each individual unique
Personality Psychology
was an Austrian neurologist who was fascinated by patients suffering from “hysteria” and neurosis.
Sigmund Freud
perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans
Humanism
process by which someone examines their own conscious experience in an attempt to break it into its component parts
Introspection
study of cognitions, or thoughts, and their relationship to experiences and actions
Cognitive Psychology
area of psychology that focuses on the interactions between mental and emotional factors and physical performance in sports, exercise, and other activities
sport and exercise psychology
James drew from the functionality of cognitive processes, establishing functionalism.
William James
understanding the conscious experience through introspection
Structuralism
focus on the role of the unconscious in affecting conscious behavior
Psychoanalytic Theory
area of psychology that focuses on improving emotional, social, vocational, and other aspects of the lives of psychologically healthy individuals
Counseling Psychology
(doctor of philosophy) doctoral degree conferred in many disciplinary perspectives housed in a traditional college of liberal arts and sciences
PhD
Studied conditioned reflexes in which an animal produced a reflex (unconscious) response to a stimulus (salivating in the presence of food) and, over time, was conditioned to produce the response to a different stimulus (salivating to the sound of a bell) that the experimenter associated with the original stimulus (Food and bell became associated).
IVAN PAVLOV
scientific study of the mind and behavior
Psychology
consistent pattern of thought and behavior
Personality Trait
scientific study of development across a lifespan
Developmental Psychology
Focuses on humans as a whole rather than individual parts.
Gestalt Psychology
famous for his theories regarding changes in cognitive ability that occur as we move from infancy to adulthood.
Jean Piaget