Classical Conditioning
A learning process where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a natural response
What is classical conditioning?
Learning based on the consequences of behavior
What is operant conditioning?
Any event that increases the likelihood a behavior will repeat
What is reinforcement?
Reinforcement given after a set number of responses
What is a fixed ratio schedule?
Russian scientist who studied salivation in dogs
Who is Ivan Pavlov?
The unlearned stimulus that naturally triggers a response
What is the unconditioned stimulus (UCS)?
The learning sequence where behavior comes before consequences
What is response → stimulus?
Removing something unpleasant to increase behavior
What is negative reinforcement?
Reinforcement given after an unpredictable number of responses
What is a variable ratio schedule?
Psychologist known for the Skinner box
Who is B. F. Skinner?
The reappearance of a conditioned response after a pause
What is spontaneous recovery?
Reinforcing small steps toward a desired behavior
What is shaping?
Adding something desirable to increase behavior
What is positive reinforcement?
Reinforcement given after a fixed amount of time
What is a fixed interval schedule?
Learning that occurs by watching others
What is observational learning?
Responding the same way to similar stimuli
What is stimulus generalization?
Learning to prevent an unpleasant stimulus
What is avoidance learning?
A consequence that decreases a behavior
What is punishment?
Reinforcement given after varying amounts of time
What is a variable interval schedule?
The field of psychology focused on observable behavior
What is behaviorism?
The four components of classical conditioning
What are UCS, UCR, CS, and CR?
Learning to stop an unpleasant stimulus already happening
What is escape learning?
A schedule that produces the greatest resistance to extinction
What is intermittent reinforcement?
The factor describing when reinforcement is delivered
What is timing of the reinforcer?
The psychologist most associated with operant conditioning
Who is B. F. Skinner?