Understanding and Thinking Conditioning
Problem Solving Conditioning
Reasoning and Decision Making
Language
Vocabulary
100
mental activity that involves understanding, manipulating, and communicating information
What is thinking?
100

a problem-solving strategy that is a defined set of step-by-step procedures that provides the correct answer to a particular problem

What is an algorithm?
100

the process of drawing logical conclusions from facts and arguments

What is reasoning?

100
the communication of ideas through sounds and symbols that are arranged according to the rules of grammar
What is language?
100
to show or illustrate by example
what is exemplify?
200
an object or an act that stands for something else
What is a symbol?
200

a mental shortcut that allows people to quickly make judgments and solve problems. These mental shortcuts are typically informed by our past experiences and allow us to act quickly

What is a heuristic?
200

a statement or assertion that serves as the basis for an argument

What is a premise?

200

watching specific behaviors of others and imitating them; we tend to mimic models who are similar to us

what is observational learning?

200

the BEST example or cognitive representation of something within a certain category

What is a prototype?
300
a mental structure used to categorize objects, people, or events that share similar characteristics
What is a concept?
300

the tendency to approach a new problem in a way that has been successful in the past

What is a mental-set?

300

in _____________ reasoning the conclusion is true if the premise is true, while in ____________ reasoning, we reason from individual cases or facts to reach a conclusion

What is deductive and inductive?

300

actions that are beneficial, constructive, and not violent.These behaviors can prompts similar behaviors in others thus, prosocial. Research experiments show that children often do what their models (usually parents) do.

What are prosocial behaviors?

300
the basic sound unit in a spoken language
What is a phoneme?
400
______________ ______________ is directed thinking; thinking that is limited to available facts while _____________ _____________ is a thought process that attempts to generate multiple solutions to a problem; nondirected thinking
What is convergent thinking and divergent thinking?
400

the tendency to arrive at a solution after a period of time away from the problem

What is the incubation effect?

400

the three heuristics

What is the availability heuristic, the representative heuristic, and the anchoring heuristic?

400
the basic elements of language
What are phonemes, morphemes, syntax, and semantics?
400
situations or conditions
What are circumstances?
500
planning, evaluating, and monitoring mental activities; thinking about thinking
What is metacognition?
500
trial and error, difference reduction, means-end analysis, working backwards, and analogies
What are the 6 methods of problem solving?
500

the tendency to cling to one's initial belief even after receiving new information that contradicts or disconfirms the basis of that belief

what is belief perseverance?

500
the formation of plurals and the past tense of irregular nouns and verbs according to rules of grammar that apply to regular nouns and verbs; characteristic of the speech of young children
What is overregulization?
500
attainment or achievement
What is acquisition?
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