Cogniition
all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.
Cognition
relatively permanent change in behavior based primarily on exposure to environment
Learning
the branch of psychology that studies persons and their relationships with others and with groups and with society as a whole
Social psychology
he tendency to use or abuse alcohol to a degree that leads to social or occupational dysfunction.
alcoholism
empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies; a feature of Roger's client-centered therapy
active listening
a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people
concept
Type of learning discovered by Ivan Pavlov in which a neutral stimulus comes to bring about a response after it is paired with a stimulus that naturally brings about that response
Classical Conditioning
the theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition; studied by Fritz Heider
Attribution Theory
The fear of being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult.
biological treatment option used to treat the severe psychological disorders, such as schizophrenia; effective for treating hallucinations; blocks dopamine receptors; Examples: thorazine, therazine, clozapine,
Antipsychotic Drugs
A methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem. Contrasts with the usually speedier- but also more error prone use of heuristics.
Algorithm
learning that certain events occur together
associative learning
the tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition
Fundamental attribution error
An eating disorder in which a person refuses to eat, starving themself to the point that physical complications and sometimes death may occur.
anorexia nervosa
behavioral technique; designed to eliminate undesirable behaviors; a type of counterconditioning; associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol); controversial technique
aversive conditioning
a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-prone than algorithms
heuristic
the view that psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes
behaviorism
a relatively enduring evaluation of a person or thing; doesn't always match one's behavior
attitude
A personality disorder marked by irresponsible and socially disruptive behaviour in a variety of areas.
antisocial personality disorder
Approach that is based on the belief that all behavior (normal and abnormal) is learned; therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors and to teach new, appropriate ways of behaving
behavior therapy
a mental image or best example of a category. Matching new items to the prototype provides a quick and easy method for including items in a category (as when comparing feathered creatures to a prototypical bird, such as a robin).
prototype
the diminishing of a conditioned response; occurs in classical conditioning when an unconditioned stimulus does not follow a conditioned stimulus; occurs in operant conditioning when a response is no longer reinforced
extinction
The theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent. For example, when our awareness of our attitudes and our actions clash, we can reduce the resulting dissonance by changing our attitudes, often in a self-justifying way.
A personality disorder characterised by extremely unstable interpersonal relationships, dramatic mood swings, an unstable sense of identity, intense fears of abandonment, manipulativeness and impulsive behaviour.
borderline personality disorder
Approach that is based on the belief that all behavior (normal and abnormal) is learned; therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors and to teach new, appropriate ways of behaving
cognitive therapies