Drugs
Medical term for sleepwalking?
somnambulism
Define the word Decay
Information that is not accessed and decays in storage system over Time
Give an example of positive and negative punishment?
Positive punishment: Giving a speeding ticket if caught speeding
Negative punishment: Taking away your license if caught drunk driving
Describe the features of a good psychological test?
A test that is valid, measures what its suppose to. reliable, be able to produce the same results over and over and given to the same group of people who it was designed for.
What is functional fixedness?
A block to problem solving that comes from thinking about an object in terms of only there typical function
What are psychoactive drugs? An example?
Drugs that alter thinking, perception and memory. LSD or Acid
Define the different types of long term memory? Give examples for each
Procedural (like skills and habits)
Declarative (like facts)
Semantic (like school knowledge)
Episodic (personal memories)
Define shaping?
The reinforcement of simple steps in behavior that lead to a desired, more complex behavior
What range is gifted IQ?
IQ 130 and above
What is primary reinforcer?
Any reinforcer that is naturally reinforced by basic biological need; such as hunger, thirst, or touch
What are depressant drugs and an example?
Depressant drugs slow the body down, an example is alcohol
What is the capacity of the short term memory?
7
Explain the concept of operant conditioning?
The learning of voluntary behavior through the effects of pleasant and unpleasant consequences to responses
What is availability heuristic?
Estimating the frequency or likelihood of an event based on how easy it is to think of related examples
Describe different schedules of reinforcement with examples?
Fixed ratio: schedule of reinforcement where # required is always the same (commission)
Fixed Interval:schedule of reinforcement where time must pass is always the same (salary)
Variable ratio: schedule of reinforcement where the # is different for each trial (gambling)
Variable Interval: schedule of reinforcement where the time that passes is different every trial (pop quiz)
What is adaptive theory?
The theory that animals and humans evolved sleep patterns to avoid predators by sleeping when predators are most active
Define Serial Position Effect?
information at the beginning and end of a body of information are remembered more accurately than the info in the middle.
Describe the elements of classical conditioning?
Unconditioned Stimulus: naturally occurring stimulus
Unconditioned response: an involuntary response to a naturally occurring stimulus
conditioned stimulus: a stimulus that is able to produce a learned reflex/ response
Conditioned response: a learned reflex response
Describe Gardners theory of multiple intelligences and examples of professions?
Logical: type of thought used for math&science (doctor)
Linguistic: ability to use language fluently(writer)
Spatial: accurately perceive and remember visual stimuli. (truck driver)
Musical: understant and produce music (musician)
Bodily-Kinesthetic: understand and use the body effectively (model)
Naturalistic: understanding patterns in the natural world (park ranger)
Interpersonal: ability to understand others (psychologist)
Intrapersonal: ability to understand yourself (child therapist)
Existential: pondering the fundamental questions of existence (philosopher)
What is restorative theory?
The theory that sleep is necessary to the physical health of the body and serves to replenish chemical and repair cellular damage
Stages of sleep?
1. Non-REM; light sleep
2.Non-REM; sleep spindles only lasting 1-2 sec
3. Non-REM; delta waves pronounced and deep sleep
Describe the 3 box model of memory (information processing model)?
Information enters through the sensory system, selective attention moves the information into STM where it is held while repetition continues if the information receives enough rehearsal it will be stored in the long term memory.
Explain the difference between reinforcement and punishment?
Reinforcement: any event/stimulus when following a response increases the likelihood that the response will continue
Punishment: any event/stimulus that when following a response makes the response less likely to happen
What is fluid Intelligence vs crystallized Intelligence?
Fluid Intelligence: inherited ability to think and reason
Crystallized Intelligence: knowledge and skills gained through experience
What is EEG?
Electroencephalograph; and it allows scientists to see brain wave activity as a person sleeps