Types of triangulation in case studies
When more than one source of data is used. For example, a case study of schools that looked at stress in the IB program in five different schools.
What is data triangulation?
This is the concept that in a correlational study, since no independent variable is manipulated, it is impossible to know if x causes y, y causes x, if they interact to cause behaviour, or whether it is just coincidental and no relationship truly exists.
What is bidirectional ambiguity?
refers to situations where the sample does not reflect the characteristics of the target population
What is sampling bias?
The layer of neurons with a folded surface covering the brain on the outside. It is the largest part of the human brain associated with higher-order functions such as abstract thought or voluntary action.
What is the cortex?
This is the loss of articulated speech, diagnosed through work with the patient known as "Tan" also known as Louis Leborgne.
What is Broca's area?
When more than one research method is used. If we get consistent findings, that means that the choice of research method was not the reason for our findings.
What is method triangulation?
researchers repeatedly examine the same individuals to detect any changes that might occur over a period of time
What is longitudinal?
refers to the degree to which inferences can legitimately be made from the operationalizations in your study to the theoretical constructs on which those operationalizations were based
What is construct validity?
Associated with reasoning, planning, thinking and decision-making, voluntary action, complex emotions, and so on
What are the frontal lobes?
People with this have a general impairment of language comprehension while at the same time speech production is intact.
What is Wernicke's aphasia? (Carl Wernicke)
When more than one researcher studies a case. Researchers are able to compare their observations and interpretations in order to increase reliability and credibility.
What is researcher triangulation?
starts with the present and follows participants forward in time to examine trends, predictions, and outcomes
What is prospective research?
collecting data from more than one source
What is triangulation?
Associated with movement, orientation, perception and recognition
What is the parietal lobe?
Localization is not this. Functional areas move about.
What is not static?
When we look at a case from more than one theoretical perspective - e.g. biological, cognitive and/or sociocultural.
What is theory triangulation?
a measure of how test performance predicts behaviors in real-world settings
What is ecological validity?
(happens when the researcher skews the entire process towards a specific research outcome by introducing a systematic error into the sample data
What is research bias?
Associated with visual processing
What is the occipital lobe?
People with damage to a functional brain may learn to "re-specialize" other brain areas to perform this function.
What is localization?
This is an example of this type of triangulation:
What is method triangulation?
the extent to which a study establishes a trustworthy cause-and-effect relationship between a treatment and an outcome
What is internal validity?
Has the research been replicated? If so, were there similar or different results?
What is test-rest reliability?
Associated with processing auditory information, memory, and speech
What are the temporal lobes?
The division of functions between the two hemispheres the cortex. Is a special case of localization.
What is lateralization?