Ch.9
One-year-old Ainsley learned the schema for trucks because his family has a truck. When Ainsley sees
trucks on television, she says, "Look mommy, truck!" This exemplifies ________.
a. assimilation
b. avoidance
c. trust
d. integrity
a. assimilation
During the ________ stage, children understand events and analogies logically, and they can perform
simple mathematical operations.
a. operational
b. concrete operational
c. pre operational
d. formal operation
b. concrete operational
Otto is so driven to become a school psychologist that he spends every night studying. This sentence describes the wants or needs that direct behavior toward a goal, also called ________.
a. strength
b. motivation
c. homeostasis
d. habit
b. motivation
Thalia suffers from insomnia. She tries everything, and she finally develops the habit of counting backward when she wants to sleep but cannot. Thalia finds that she falls asleep much easier once she starts counting backward, so she continues to do so. ________ theory suggests that she continues this habit because it results in homeostasis.
a. intrinsic motivation
b. extrinsic
c. mood
d. drive
d. drive
What kind of processing is exemplified by the following scenario?
Esther's mother offers her a new dish she's been working on―a raisin-jalapeno quiche. Esther's body responds first: Esther eyes the content of the skillet, and smells the mix of raisins, jalapenos, and eggs. Her stomach churns and she looks away. Feeling disgust and disappointment, she says "I'm not hungry."
a. top-down
b. bottom-up
c. perception
d. coding
b. bottom-up
After age 65, most people are attempting to assess their lives and make sense of life and the meaning of
their contributions. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?
a. trust vs. mistrust
b. integrity vs. despair
c. autonomy vs. shame/doubt
d. generatively vs. stagnation
b. integrity vs. despair
Children in the ________ stage can use abstract thinking to problem solve, look at alternative solutions, and test these solutions.
a. operational
b. concrete operational
c. pre operational
d. formal operational
d. formal operational
Cici firmly believes that every child deserves a loving parent. She becomes a foster parent because she knows that it is the right thing to do. Cici becomes a foster parent because of ________ motivation.
a. intrinsic
b. extrinsic
a. intrinsic
Which of the following is something an advocate for arousal theory might observe?
a. when we are excited, we look for more excitement
b. when we are bored, we tend to look for peace
c. when we are bored we look for excitement; when we are overexcited we wish for more peace.
d. when we are bored we look for more peace; when we are overexcited we wish for more excitement.
c. when we are bored we look for excitement; when we are overexcited we wish for more peace.
What kind of processing is exemplified by the following scenario?
Simon offers Mouin some salmon. Mouin thinks, "How nice. My friend is offering me fish. I wonder where he got it." This thought leads Mouin to feel happy, appreciative, and curious; he responds with a smile and an extended hand.
a. top-down
b. bottom-up
c. perception
d. coding
a. top-down
As toddlers (ages 1-3 years) begin to explore their world, they learn that they can control their actions and act on the environment to get results. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?
a. trust vs. mistrust
b. integrity vs. despair
c. autonomy vs. shame/doubt
d. generatively vs. stagnation
c. autonomy vs. shame/doubt
Madeline is seven months old. Her mother is eating a cookie and Madeline wants some. Her mother
hides the cookie under a napkin, but Madeline is not fooled. She knows the cookie is still there. What
does this exemplify?
a. object permanence
b. reversibility
c. egocentrism
d. avoidance
a. object permanence
Luis works part-time after school to earn money so he can afford a secondhand motorcycle. Luis is working because of ________ motivation.
a. intrinsic
b. extrinsic
b. extrinsic
If you believe you will win the hot dog eating competition, then you have a sense of ________, and you are more likely to enter the hot dog eating competition.
a. self-absorbtion
b. self-efficacy
c. self-deprecation
d. drive
b. self-efficacy
Your ears receive sound waves and convert this energy into neural messages that travel to
your brain and are processed as sounds. This is an example of ________.
a. transduction
b. perception
c. sensation
d. adaption
a. transduction
When people reach their 40s, they enter the time known as middle adulthood, which extends to the mid-60s. This involves finding their life's work and contributing to the development of others through activities such as volunteering, mentoring, and raising children. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?
a. generatively vs. stagnation
b. integrity vs. despair
c. autonomy vs. shame/doubt
d. generatively vs. stagnation
a. generatively vs. stagnation
Annaliese knows that her friend is paying an online service to write a term paper. This bothers her, but she knows that if she tells the teacher everyone will think she is a snitch. She decides her friends' approval is more important, so she says nothing about the cheating. What stage of moral reasoning does this exemplify?
a. operational
b. concrete operational
c. pre operational
d. formal operational
d. formal operational
An infant sucking is a good example of a(n) ________.
a. motivation
b. homeostasis
c. instinct
d. goals
c. instinct
Food, shelter, and warmth represent ________ needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
a. self-actualization
b. safety
c. esteem
d. physiological
d. physiological
Sariah enters a room with several chirping crickets in it. Upon first entering the room, Sariah can hear the chirping; however, as she begins to talk to her friends, she is no longer aware of the chirping even though it is still there. The fact that Sariah no longer perceives the chirping sound demonstrates sensory ________
a. transduction
b. perception
c. sensation
d. adaption
d. adaption
In the ________ stage, children use words and images to represent things, but they lack logical reasoning.
a. operational
b. concrete operational
c. pre operational
d. formal operation
c. pre operational
Marcy is 15 months old, and her father is insensitive and inattentive her needs. Marcy reacts to him the same way she reacts to a stranger—she doesn't care if he leaves the room and when he returns she is slow to notice or react. What kind of attachment is this?
a. secure attachment
b. disorganized attachment
c. avoidant attachment
d. resistant attachment
Sweating and shivering are responses created due to internal temperature fluctuations, and they are designed to bring the body back into ________.
a. motivation
b. homeostasis
c. instinct
d. goals
b. homeostasis
Self-worth, accomplishment, and confidence represent the ________ level of needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
a. self-actualization
b. safety
c. esteem
d. physiological
c. esteem
Which part of the eye holds eye color?
a. iris
b. rods
c. cones
d. cornea
a. iris