Chapter 6: Learning
If you wanted to learn about classical conditioning, you would want to study the work of _____ _____.
Ivan Pavlov
If you had to remember your Social Security number, the best strategy would be to break it down into smaller pieces (3 numbers, two numbers, 4 numbers) called
chunking.
A road map and a photo have some physical characteristics of objects. They are _____ representations of the world around us.
analogical
Selena is sad because her friend is studying abroad for a year. She lacks energy, direction, and doesn't want to participate in activities. Selena is lacking _____.
motivation
What part of the face shows the most emotional information?
The eyes
Who is considered the father of operant conditioning? Hint: he trained rats in a cage to press a lever and receive food.
B. F. Skinner
If a brain injury caused someone to lose the ability to make new memories or remember new information, that person has ______ amnesia.
anterograde
If you break a task down into smaller steps in order to complete it, this is known as ____.
subgoals
Willing to persevere to achieve a goal despite obstacles or setbacks is known as ____.
grit
One pack of ground beef says "80% lean" while another says "20% fat." Although they're the same thing, people think they're different because of _______.
framing
Dave moved into a house near the airport and can't sleep as planes fly overhead. A few weeks later, he stops hearing them altogether. This is an example of ____.
habituation
According to the _____ theory, our brain remembers important information and selectively removes irrelevant information.
filter
If you see a news story about a new virus and days later you get sick thinking you have that virus, your thinking is based on the _____ heuristic.
availability
Money is an example of _____ motivation. Doing something because it relaxes you is an example of _____ motivation.
extrinsic; intrinsic
According to the ____ __ ____ theory, people want to feel wanted.
Need To Belong
Annie is afraid of dogs. Her mom gives her a piece of candy every time Annie sees one to help her get over her fear. Eventually, Annie is calm when a dog is nearby. Annie's mom helped her by using
counterconditioning.
The ability to tie your shoes or drive a car without thinking about it are examples of _____ memory.
procedural
You can't find your phone. Your mom tells you to retrace your steps from the last place you saw it. This is an example of _____ ______.
working backwards
Name the seven primary emotions.
Happiness, sadness, fear, disgust, anger, contempt & surprise.
Athletes wear the same shirts when they're on a winning streak. This type of superstitious behavior is an example of which cognitive bias?
illusory correlation
Amy's friend Joanne was caught cheating on a test and gets a 0. Amy learns the consequences of cheating by watching her friend be punished. Amy has learned through _____ ______.
vicarious conditioning
ROY G. BIV (colors of the visible spectrum) or HOMES (each of the five Great Lakes) are examples of a memory technique called _____.
mnemonics
If you had a paper clip and couldn't think of new ways to use it, you'd be struggling with ______ ______.
functional fixedness
Putting in the work because you know your efforts will result in success/improvement is called ____ - ____.
self-efficacy
A "rule of thumb" that helps people make quick decisions is known as a ______.
heuristic