Theories
A process where organisms that are better adapted to their environment tend to survive and reproduce
- Natural Selection
Who is Ivan Pavlov?
What are Piagets proposed four sequential stages of thinking?
- Sensorimotor, Pre-operational, Concrete Operational, Formal Operational
What is the nature vs. nurture debate?
- asks whether human behavior, personality, and intelligence are driven primarily by genetics (nature) or environmental experiences (nurture)
What are the three parenting styles?
- Authoritarian, Permissive, and Authoritative
What is Behaviorism?
- a psychological school of thought that posits all behaviors are learned through interaction with the environment
Who proposed that all human behavior is shaped by its consequences?
- B. F. Skinner
What are four of Erik Eriksons proposed stages of psychosocial development?
- Trust vs. Mistrust, Generativity vs. Stagnation, Integrity vs Despair, Identity vs Role Confusion
What is an example of the nature side of debate?
- An individuals temperament and personality are determined by their genetic makeup
What is Authoritative Parenting?
- a child-rearing style that balances high responsiveness (warmth and emotional support) with high demands (firm rules and clear expectations)
What is the zone of Proximal Development?
- the sweet spot between what a learner can do independently and what they cannot do even with assistance
What theory did Erik Erikson describe?
- He described the theory of Psychosocial Development in which an individuals personality evolves into eight distinct, sequential stages from infancy through late adulthood.
The developmental stages that begins around the age of twelve and is marked by puberty and identity exploration.
- Adolescence
What is an example of the nurture side of the debate?
- Aggressiveness in children is a learned behavior that is observed through adults beating up the inflatable Bobo doll
Why is Authoritarian parenting considered harmful?
- It is a rigid parenting style that prioritizes blind obedience over emotional support. Can be characterized by the statement "because I sad so".
An individual has learned most go his behaviors from watching others. This has aided him in awkward social interactions throughout his/her life. How has this individual learned his social interactions?
Who is Harry Harlow?
- An American psychologist who through his experiments with rhesus monkeys studied the effects of abandonment, separation, and isolation
This stage of development is characterized by learning primarily through sensory experiences and motor actions
- Sensorimotor Stage
What is neuroplasticity?
What is Anxious Attachment?
- an insecure attachment pattern characterized by an intense desire for emotional intimacy paired with a deep-seated fear of abandonment and rejection
What theory did Urie Bronfenbrenner propose and how is it described?
- He proposed the ecological systems theory and it is described as that human development is profoundly influenced by different environmental systems, which are organized into five nested levels: Microsystems, mesosystem, ecosystem, macrosystem, chronosystem
Who established the first psychological laboratory in Germany?
- William Wundt
Erikson characterizes this stage as young adults needing to form intimate, loving relationships with other people. This leads to strong, meaningful connections while failure results in loneliness and despair
- Intimacy vs. Isolation
What is the modern view on the nature vs. nurture debate?
- The modern view on the nature vs. nurture debate is a combination of the two ideas with both interactions between biology and the environment influencing an individual
What are the four types of attachment styles?