Personality Theory
This Austrian neurologist is known as the founder of psychoanalysis.
Who is Sigmund Freud?
This Russian physiologist is known as the "father of classical conditioning."
Who is Ivan Pavlov?
In classical conditioning, this response is automatic and triggered by the unconditioned stimulus.
What is the unconditioned response (UCR)?
This defense mechanism involves refusing to accept reality or facts that are too uncomfortable to face.
What is denial?
When children get dessert for finishing their vegetables, this type of reinforcement is at play.
What is positive reinforcement?
Freud's model of the mind compares the mind to this frozen natural formation, most of which is hidden underwater.
What is an iceberg?
Pavlov’s experiments demonstrated that a neutral stimulus can become this after being paired with an unconditioned stimulus.
What is a conditioned stimulus (CS)?
This schedule of reinforcement rewards behaviour after an unpredictable number of responses, like in slot machines.
What is a variable ratio?
When someone attributes their own undesirable traits or feelings to someone else, they are using this defense mechanism.
What is projection?
A teacher giving detention to a student for bad behaviour is an example of this type of punishment.
What is positive punishment?
This part of Freud's model of personality seeks immediate gratification and operates on the pleasure principle.
What is the id?
This psychologist is famous for studying operant conditioning using rewards and punishments.
Who is B.F. Skinner?
The Skinner Box is primarily associated with this type of conditioning.
What is operant conditioning?
A person redirects their negative emotions from the original source to a less threatening target in this defense mechanism.
What is displacement?
Employees receiving a paycheck every two weeks is an example of this reinforcement schedule.
What is a fixed interval?
This defense mechanism involves pushing distressing memories out of conscious awareness.
What is repression?
In operant conditioning, adding something desirable to increase the likelihood of a behaviour is known as this.
What is positive reinforcement?
In classical conditioning, pairing a bell with food to make a dog salivate is an example of this learning process.
What is association?
This defense mechanism involves justifying behaviors or feelings with logical explanations to avoid confronting the true reasons.
What is rationalization?
Hearing a specific ringtone and immediately checking your phone is an example of this type of conditioned response.
What is a learned response or conditioned response?
Freud’s model of personality includes these three interacting components.
What are the id, ego, and superego?
This term describes the process of gradually teaching a new behaviour by rewarding closer approximations of it.
What is shaping behaviour?
When a learned behaviour stops because the reinforcement is no longer provided, this occurs.
What is extinction?
Unconsciously blocking distressing thoughts from entering conscious awareness is known as this defense mechanism.
What is repression?
A child being grounded and losing privileges for breaking a rule demonstrates this type of punishment.
What is negative punishment?