People
The most common answer given when people are asked to name a famous psychologist. He was actually a psychiatrist, and is famous for smoking cigars and analyzing dreams.
Sigmund Freud
The theory of personality developed by Freud. Includes the concepts of the Id, ego, and superego
Psychoanalytic Theory
The Early Greek philosopher who asked questions about the nature of the mind, and began the interest in what makes us human.
Aristotle
One of the most important debates or controversies in the study of child development, that seeks to answer whether we are products of our genes or our environment.
Nature vs. Nurture
The type of doll that Bandura showed adults beating up in his study of social learning and aggression.
Bobo doll
This person is often called the Father of Behaviorism, known for making poor Little Albert afraid of white furry things.
John Watson
The theory of personality pioneered by Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow, assumes people are basically good and have free will.
Humanistic theory
The school of Psychology that dismissed the importance of mental states and focused on observable, measurable actions.
Behaviorism
The first stage of child development according to Freud, where children get most of their satisfaction and needs met with their mouths.
Oral stage
What Milgram was actually studying in his research with people giving electrical shocks to someone when they answered questions incorrectly.
Obedience
The most well-known developmental theorist to study how children think and reason.
Jean Piaget
The theory of personality that assumes people have stable characteristics that are seen across time and situations.
Trait theory
A railroad worker who received a head injury, and from whom much was learned about the functioning of the brain
Phineas Gage
The term used to describe a child’s bond with caregivers—it can be secure or insecure.
Attachment
The name of the experiment in which Zimbardo kept several young men in a “jail” in the basement of a university to study the effects of imprisonment on both prisoners and guards.
The Stanford Prison Experiment
Sometimes called the Father of Psychology, developed the first lab for the scientific study of psychology in Germany.
Wilhelm Wundt
The trait theory that includes dimensions of Extraversion, Neuroticism, and Agreeableness, among others.
the Big 5 theory
The “Third Wave” in Psychology that abandoned the idea that humans are victims of unconscious urges or passive respondents to their environments
Humanistic Psychology
The term for when young children are not able to take the point of view of other people, so they assume everyone believes as they do and likes the same things they like.
Egocentrism
The term for when people attribute others’ actions to their dispositions while ignoring possible situational factors that could contribute to the behavior.
Fundamental Attribution Error
Wrote the first textbook about Psychology. It took 12 years to complete and was over 1000 pages.
William James
According to Freud’s theory, people use these to reduce anxiety and unpleasant thoughts.
Defense mechanisms
A more recent development in the study of Psychology, in which optimally functioning people are identified and examined for factors that increase well-being and happiness
Positive Psychology
A childhood disorder in which children lack social interaction abilities and engage in repetitive behaviors.
Autism Spectrum Disorder
The term that describes how we tend to be more attracted to people or objects that we see often.
Mere exposure effect