Classical Conditioning
What kind of conditioning is a learning process in which an association is made between a previously neutral stimulus and a stimulus that naturally evokes a response?
Classical Conditioning
What kind of learning occurs through reward and punishment?
Operant conditioning
What is learning by watching what others do, and observing their consequences is what?
Observational learning
What is the main difference between punishment and reinforcement?
Punishment is to stop the behavior from happening, reinforcement is to keep the behavoir
Reappearance of an extinguished response after the passage of time, without further conditioning.
Spontaneous Recovery
Who was the founding father of classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
What is the biggest name behind the study of operant conditioning? Clue: He put rats in the box!
B.F. Skinner
Learning that takes place before the subject realizes it and is not immediately reflected in behavior.
Latent Learning
When referring to reinforcement, food and water are examples of what?
Primary reinforcers
Tracy failed her math class in her first semester. She retakes it her second semester but doesn't pay attention and refuses to study often, even though she has an easier professor this semester. What is this an example of?
Learned helplessness
A stimulus that does not naturally cause a response in the organism.
Neutral Stimulus
If an action is followed by a pleasurable consequence, it will tend to be repeated and vice versa. What is this called?
Law of Effect
What is the experiment that demonstrated observational learning that we went over in class?
During class, your cell phone goes off and the teacher stops and scolds you in front of everyone. What is this an example of?
Positive punishment
Gradually exposing individuals to feared situations or objects in a safe environment to help them overcome their anxiety and fear responses.
Exposure Therapy
Which part of Pavlov's experiment involved the dogs salivating while meat was present?
Unconditioned Response
You're trying to teach your dog to potty train and your dog will only pee in your yard. When you take him on a walk he refuses to pee until he is in your yard. What is this an example of?
Discrimination
Observational learning occurs due to the function of specialized neurons called what?
Mirror Neurons
A schedule in which the responses are sometimes reinforced and sometimes not.
Partial or Intermittent Reinforcement
An event that is reinforcing through its link with a primary reinforcer is known as what?
A secondary reinforcer
What is the process called that Little Albert goes through when he is continually presented with the white rat and the loud noise to strengthen his conditioned response?
Acquisition or Pairing
Your mom is nagging you to study, and she stops nagging when you start to study. What is this an example of?
Negative reinforcement
Learning that depends on mental activity that is not directly observable.
Cognitive Learning.
Behavior is reinforced after a certain number of responses.
Fixed Ratio Schedule
Learning seems to occur in a sudden “flash” as elements of a situation come together.
Insight