Learning
A relatively permanent change in behaviour that occurs as a result of experience
What is learning?
A learned response to a previously neutral stimulus.
What is Conditioned Stimulus?
A type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher
What is Operant Conditioning?
This is the psychologist that studied observational learning through the Bobo doll experiment
Who is Albert Bandura?
the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus
What is discrimination?
A type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events.
What is Classical Conditioning?
Something that naturally and automatically triggers a response
What is Unconditioned stimulus?
Any event that strengthens the behavior it follows
What is reinforcement?
This is the psychologist who discovered classical conditioning while studying the salivation response in dogs
Who is Ivan Pavlov?
An innately reinforcing stimulus, such as one that satisfies a biological need
What is Primary reinforcer?
Little Albert was taught to be afraid of white mice through classical conditioning. After the famous experiment, he is also afraid of other animals, as well as anything white and fuzzy.
What is Stimulus Generalisation?
In classical conditioning, the initial learning when one links the neutral stimulus and unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response
What is Acquisition?
A reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses
What is Fixed-ratio?
This is the psychologist who studied operant conditioning and said we repeat actions based on rewards and punishments
Who is B. F. Skinner?
A stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its associations, such as money
What is a secondary reinforcer?
An unlearned, naturally occurring reaction
What is an Unconditioned Response?
When a pet learns the sound of an electric can opener signals arrival of their food.
What is Classical Conditioning?
A reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses
What Variable-ratio schedule?
First discovered Insight Learning in the 1920s through his studies on chimps.
Who is Wolfgang Köhler?
Reinforcing a behavior every time it occurs.
What is continuous reinforcement?
The diminishing of a conditioned response
What is Extinction?
Extinction occurs when a ______ is no longer paired with a _______
What is Conditioned Stimulus and what is an Unconditioned Stimulus?
A reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals
What is Variable interval schedule
Albert Bandura maintains that learning is facilitated by modeling and observational learning
What is social learning theory?
Decreasing a behavior by removing a reward stimulus
What is negative punishment?