Chapter 1
The scientific study of mental activity & behavior, which are based on brain processes.
Psychology
The moment by moment awareness of your experiences, and your thoughts, feelings, & actions.
Consciousness
Physical development of the brain & body that produces growth and enables physical & psychological development
Maturation
The sense organs detection of external stimuli & the transmission of information about these stimuli to the brain.
Sensation
The period of time between 18-25, which means the end of physical growth & the further development of traditional adult roles are postponed is known as ______ _______.
early adulthood
Systematically evaluating information to reach conclusions based on presented evidence.
Critical thinking
According to the ____ ____ ____, consciousness depends on different parts of your brain being active.
Global Workspace Model/Theory
An emotional, enduring connection that can motivate care, protection, and emotional support
Attachment
The processing, organization, & interpretation of sensory information by the brain.
Perception
The bony, fluid-filled tube of the inner ear is known as the
cochlea
Any difference between people that becomes apparent in a certain context: religion, gender, race, genetics, language, values, etc.
Diversity
Brain activity & other biological processes such as your sleep/wake cycles, regulation of body temperature, & regulation of hormone levels
Circadian Rhythm
According to the Theory of _____, children develop the ability to understand that other people have mental states that influence their behavior
Mind
According to _____ _____, our sensory systems tend to become less sensitive to processing a constant level of input.
Example: If a person lives near an airport, they eventually get used to the sounds of planes flying over until they stop noticing it altogether.
sensory adaptation
The accepted standards of right & wrong that guides people's behaviors is called
ethics.
The extensive study of one person, a small handful of a typical people, or an organization.
Case Study
What are the three theories regarding the benefits of sleep?
Restorative theory: sleep lets the body & brain rest, body repairs damaged tissue & immune system gets a boost
Circadian rhythm theory: sleep preserves people from harm & limits consumption of food/water
Consolidation theory: sleep strengthens our neural connections in the brain which improves memory & learning
What are the five stages of language development in children?
Cooing: grunts, gurgles, cries, breaths
Babbling: single consonants, vowels, syllables
One-word stage: "Mama", "Dada", "doggy"
Two-word stage/telegraphic: "Throw ball", "All gone"
Overregularization: "I runned", "I don't want eating", "He hitted me"
According to the ______ effect, we perceive a bunch of still images placed together and played at a faster speed, as a movie/motion picture.
Example: making a flipbook
stroboscopic
An evidence-based approach to gaining knowledge by conducting research that systematically investigates & measures phenomena of interest.
Empiricism
What are the 6 strategies of the IMPACT Method?
Improving: Having a growth mindset
Monitoring: Make a study plan & set learning goals
Practicing: Continue to work & review
Attending: Focus on one thing at a time; don't multitask
Connecting: Find a relationship between old & new information
Thinking Deeply: Create examples from your own life to help you better understand the information
What are some of the dangers of sleep deprivation?
Mental: attention lapses, reduced short-term memory, & reading becomes difficult; increased chance of anxiety, depression & mood swings
Physical: compromised immune system, impaired motor abilities, microsleeping, increased weight gain/overeating
What are Lawrence Kohlberg's 3 stages of moral reasoning?
Pre-conventional: self-interests & outcomes
Conventional: following the law & the approval of others
Post-conventional: complex reasoning & the value of all life
What is the Gate Control Theory of Pain?
We experience pain when pain receptors are activated and a neutral "gate" in the spinal cord allows the signals through to the brain.
What are some examples of altered states of consciousness?
Being sick, tired, meditating, having a concussion, etc.