Prenatal & Childhood
Substances like alcohol or certain viruses that pass through the placental barrier during prenatal development and harm the fetus are called...
A. carcinogens
B. teratogens
C. zygotes
B. teratogen
True or False: Optimism has a major impact on your day-to-day life.
True
By what name do researchers refer to people who are between ages 18 and mid-twenties?
A. adolescence
B. emerging adulthood
C. adulthood
B. emerging adulthood
The smallest distinctive sound unit in language is called a ______.
A. morpheme
B. phoneme
C. word
B. phoneme
True or False: Positive and negative punishment weaken behavior.
True
Which psychologist is famous for his stages of cognitive development: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational?
A. Erik Erikson
B. Jean Piaget
C. B. F. Skinner
B. Jean Piaget
In the United States, the typical path through adolescence...
A. is taking longer than it used to
B. is shorter than it used to be
C. takes about the same amount of time as it always has
A. is taking longer than it used to
Give an example of a physical change one might face during middle adulthood (ages 36–64).
menopause, low energy, gray hair, drop in testosterone, wrinkles, clearer head, etc.
Which psychologist believed that language is acquired through rewards?
A. Noam Chomsky
B. B. F. Skinner
C. Ivan Pavlov
B. B. F. Skinner
The 11-month old baby who was conditioned to cry when he saw a bunny was called Little ______.
Albert
The development of ________, the awareness that things continue to exist even when you cannot see or hear them, is a key milestone for infants.
object permanence
People at the _______ level of moral reasoning have a strong desire to follow the rules and laws of society.
A. preconventional
B. conventional
C. postconventional
B. conventional
What do you call the tendency to judge people based on age?
ageism
Which linguist argued that humans are wired to acquire language?
A. Noam Chomsky
B. B. F. Skinner
C. Ivan Pavlov
A. Noam Chomsky
Ivan Pavlov's original research interest involved...
A. how the brain worked
B. memory
C. digestion
C. digestion
Experiments with Harlows' monkeys revealed the importance of _____ on attachment.
A. comfort
B. eye contact
C. nourishment
A. comfort
According to Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development, adolescence is marked by the struggle between _____ and ______.
A. trust vs. mistrust
B. industry vs. inferiority
C. identity vs. role confusion
C. identity vs. role confusion
What do we call the kind of care that strives to make a dying person's final days as pleasant as possible?
hospice
When does the one-word stage typically occur?
A. by four months of age
B. around one year of age
C. around two years of age
B. around one year of age
A kid touching a hot stove and is therefore less likely to do it again is an example of what type of punishment?
positive punishment
Which type of parenting often produces children high in self-esteem, self-reliance, and social competence?
A. authoritarian parenting
B. authoritative parenting
C. permissive parenting
B. authoritative parenting
Which of the following factors is most likely to remain stable throughout adolescence?
A. temperament
B. identity
C. abstract thinking skills
A. temperament
With age, most people lose _____ memory and processing speed, but they typically gain ____ and knowledge.
A. recognition / recall
B. vocabulary / recognition
C. recall / vocabulary
C. recall / vocabulary
Mistakes applying a grammatical rule like "Mommy goed to the store" instead of "went" are examples of...
A. babbling
B. overgeneralization
C. telegraphic language
B. overgeneralization
A stimulus that produces a response reflexively and automatically is called a(n) ______ stimulus.
unconditioned