Types of Learning
Ringing a bell when a dog receives food is an example of this.
What is classical conditioning?
The initial period of learning.
What is acquisition?
Is a famous psychologist who believed that behavior is motivated by consequences.
Who is B.F. Skinner?
Is an individual who sets a standard for another individual.
What is a model?
A relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge that results from experience.
What is learning?
A conditioning that teaches using reward and punishment.
What is operant conditioning?
A stimulus that elicits a reflexive response from an organism.
What is an unconditioned stimulus?
Example: seatbelt systems that go “beep, beep” until you fasten your seatbelt.
What is positive punishment?
If you saw that the model was rewarded for their behavior, you will be more likely to copy them.
What is vicarious reinforcement?
Innate behaviors triggered by a broader range of events.
What are instincts?
Is also known as Pavlovian conditioning.
What is classical conditioning?
When a dog stops associating the bell (conditional stimulus) with food (the unconditional stimulus).
What is extinction?
Is Skinner’s idea (law) that learning is the result of consequences.
What is the law of effect?
The idea of new behaviors being acquired by observing and imitating others.
What is social learning theory?
The most effective way to teach an organism.
What is positive reinforcement?
How B.F. Skinner trained rats and pigeons.
What is operant conditioning?
When an organism mistakes another stimulus for the conditioned stimulus.
What is stimulus generalization?
Reinforcing behaviors more and more like the desired behavior until the organism performs the specific desired behavior.
What is shaping?
If a model is punished for their behavior, you will be less likely to copy them.
What is vicarious punishment?
Responding to similar stimuli differently. An example of this is knowing the difference between windchimes and your text notifications.
What is stimulus discrimination?
Is an umbrella term that covers both classical conditioning and operant conditioning.
What is associative learning?
A return of a previously extinguished conditioned response: after taking a break from the conditioned stimulus.
What is spontaneous recovery?
The reinforcement schedule that elicits the highest response from organisms.
What is the variable ratio reinforcement schedule?
Is the last step in the modeling process.
What is wanting to replicate the behavior?
Examples of these reinforcers include money and grades.
What are secondary reinforcers?