Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Social Learning
Cognitive Learning
Experiments
100
Who is known as the "father of Classical Conditioning?"
Who is Ivan Pavlov?
100
What is the definition of Operant Conditioning?
A behavior is learned or avoided because of the result of its consequences--reinforcement is used.
100
What is the definition of Social Learning?
Learning from the behavior of others.
100
What is the definition of Cognitive Learning?
Learning through mental processing.
100
What was John Watson's experiment with Little Albert? What did it show?
Little Albert began to fear white, furry objects after Watson made loud noises behind Albert as he looked at a white mouse. This showed that a response can spread from one specific stimulus to another.
200
What is the definition of Classical Conditioning?
Associations are made between a natural stimulus and a neutral stimulus.
200
Who is the psychologist associated with Operant Conditioning and what did his most famous experiment involve?
Who is B.F. Skinner. Skinner's box.
200
What is the psychologist associated with social learning?
Albert Bandura.
200
What psychologist is associated with Cognitive Learning?
E.C. Tolman
200
What is Albert Bandura's most famous experiment and what did it show?
Bobo doll experiment where children learned aggressive behavior after watching adults model hitting the doll repeatedly.
300
What are the three steps of a Classical Conditioning experiment? (Use an example like dogs or triangle)
UCS-UCR NS-UCS-UCR CS-CR
300
What is the difference between positive and negative reinforcement?
Positive: Something is added after a response to strengthen the tendency to repeat the response in the future. Negative: something is taken away to strengthen the tendency to repeat the response in the future.
300
What are the two most common forms of Social Learning, exhibited by the learning of toddlers and young children?
Modeling and Imitation
300
When you wrote a paragraph describing your transportation to school, or from school, what is this an example of?
Mind map, cognitive map.
300
What category of learning does the chocolate experiment in the Big Bang Theory relate to? Why?
Operant Conditioning: positive reinforcement by chocolate.
400
What is the neutral stimulus in the Office's episode where Jim conditions Dwight?
The chime from Jim's computer.
400
What is punishment and how is it different than negative or positive reinforcement?
Punishment is designed to weaken a response by following the response with something unpleasant, while reinforcement is encouraging a behavior to continue.
400
What is the major distinction between social learning and classical or operant conditioning?
No specific reinforcement or punishment (food, spankng etc.) is required to make someone learn. Social learning can occur from exposure or imitation alone.
400
What is latent learning?
Learning that takes place under the surface; we are not aware that we are learning every day. (Rats in a maze will learn how to navigate the maze, even when a reinforcement is not provided).
400
How did doctors save the 9 month-old baby who was starving?
They conditioned his body by giving him an electrical shock every second until the baby's vomiting ended. The babies brain then learned to stop vomiting and he was able to digest his food.
500
What are the specific stages of a classical conditioning experiment? Write out the stimulus and response and the specific experiment, using correct notation.
UCS--UCR NR--UCS--UCR CS--CR
500
What is the most effective reinforcement schedule? Variable, or fixed? Why?
Variable, because the subject does not know when he or she will be rewarded.
500
What did Albert Bandura think that Classical Conditioning and Operant Conditioning were limited in understanding how humans learn?
Bandura believed C.C. and O.C. were too simple. He felt that learning could occur without specific reinforcement or punishment--Social Learning is more complex.
500
What are expectancies?
Our beliefs about our chances of successfully performing this action and of getting the desired reward.
500
How does a mind map help you to study and what is at least one example?
Concept map: helps you to organize information so you can recall the information in a systematic way. Mind maps give you a mental picture to refer back to.
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