Sampling
An example is standing in a busy shopping centre and approaching people at random and asking them to take part in your study
what is opportunity sampling?
Two separate groups are involved, each group does one of the conditions of the experiment.
what is an independent group design?
Questions for which there is a fixed choice of responses determined by the researcher
what is a closed question?
This is where participants are misled or wrongly informed about the aims of the research
what is deception?
data that is expressed in words and non-numerical
what is quantitative data?
participants choose to be in your study by responding to an advertisement you put up in the school halls
What is a volunteer sampling method?
This refers to whether a particular method and finding can be repeated with different/same people and/or on different occasions, to see if the results are similar.
what is external reliability?
questions are asked in a set / standardized order and the interviewer will not deviate from the pre-determined interview schedule
what is a structural interview?
participants should never be placed at any risk than they would be in their daily lives and should be protected from physical or psychological harm
what is protection from harm?
The central value in a set of data when values are arranged from lowest to highest
what is the median?
a group of people from a target population that take part in a study
what is a sample?
In-depth investigations of a single person, group, event or community. Typically, data are gathered from a variety of sources and by using several different methods
what is a case study?
what is a group interview? / what is a focus group?
Rather than getting consent from the participants themselves, a similar group of people are asked if the study is acceptable. If this group agree, then the consent of the original participants is 'presumed'.
what is presumptive consent?
This measure of dispersion tells us how much scores deviate from the mean by calculating the difference between the mean and each score
what is a standard deviation?
Every member of the target population has an equal chance of being selected.
what is a random sample?
An experiment where the change in the IV is not brought about by the researcher- the researcher simply records the effect of the DV
what is a natural experiment?
Most common kind of 'everyday' interview: there are some pre-set questions but follow-ups are asked as the interview develops.
what is a semi-structured interview?
Participants are made aware of the aims of the research, the procedure and their rights (to withdraw from the experiment if they should). This can be told to them verbally or written
what is informed consent?
A symmetrical bell-shaped curve in which most people occupy the middle area and the mean, median and mode are all at the same central point.
This is the extent to which we can apply the findings of our research to the target population we are interested in.
What is a generalisability?
An attempt to control for the effects of order in a repeated measures design: half the participants experience the conditions in order and the other half in the opposite order (ABBA)
What is counterbalancing?
Likert scale, rating scale, fixed choice option.
What scales are used to measure closed question in a questionnaire?
when participants are deceived in the experiment, this type of consent is given at the end (during the debriefing) having already taken part in the study.
what is retrospective consent
The process of combining data from a large number of studies that includes the same research question and methods of research. The researcher may simply discuss the findings/conclusions.
what is a meta-analysis?