The Scientific Method
This school of thought emphasizes that observations are the source of all knowledge.
Empiricism
The term "HARKing" is an acronym for this phrase.
Hypothesizing After Results are Known
Convenience Sampling
If I increase the internal validity of my study by controlling more extraneous variables, I will naturally reduce this quality in my study.
External validity
In an experiment, this variable is manipulated in order to observe its effect on other variables.
Independent variable
This is the opposite of "subjective," and is the priority for scientists who wish to be rigorous and unbiased.
Objective
Research participants sign this form before engaging in any procedures.
Informed consent
This technique allows a researcher to determine the number of participants they will need to sample.
Power analysis
I would include this kind of item in my measure when I am concerned that participants will make random responses.
Attention check
A study of distraction exposes participants to an alarm at four different volumes (off, low, medium, high) and observes its effect on performance. This is an example of this design.
Multi-level design
Immediately after selecting a topic, this step in the scientific method is among the most important because it establishes your starting point.
Literature review
This is the name of the team that determines whether a submitted research design is worth conducting.
The IRB (Institutional Review Board)
I will need to sample this many participants if I want to run a 3x5x2 between-subjects factorial design with 10 participants in each condition.
300
Brief, Relevant, Unambiguous, Specific, and Objective
A researcher finds that ice cream sales correlate with shark attacks, but she also measures the air temperature and finds that air temperature is strongly associated with both. Air temperature is an example of this.
Control variable (confound)
In a quantitative study, every measured variable must have one of these.
Operational definition
When null results are systematically ignored by journals and rarely published, this is the result.
The File Drawer Problem
A researcher randomly selects 4 high schools in the state, then randomly selects 10 classrooms in each school to establish their sample. This approach is called...
Cluster sampling
This is the design quality in an experiment that separates it from a quasi-experiment.
Equivalent groups (random assignment)
A researcher explores her data and finds random variations in individual scores across all of her variables between her two groups. She is unconcerned because this is an example of this.
Noise
A good scientist holds this attitude towards their own hypotheses.
Skepticism
When running multiple exploratory analyses, this technique allows you to avoid increasing the risk of type 1 errors.
Bonferroni Correction
This is the ideal sampling technique if I want my sample to have the same demographic proportions as the population.
Proportionate stratified random sampling
In this research design, participants are drawn from multiple different age cohorts and measured over a significant timespan.
Cross-sequential design.
Factorial design