Classical
Conditioning
Conditioning
Explain what is classical conditioning?
*Bonus points if you can tell me who it was studied by*
Classical Conditioning - Occurs when organisms learn to associate events or stimuli that repeatedly happen together.
*Studied by Ivan Pavlov*
What is Operant Conditioning?
Operant Conditioning - organisms learn to associate a behavior and its consequence.
What is observational learning?
Observational Learning - Learning by
watching others then imitating, or modeling,
what they do or say
What is generalization?
A learned response also occurs for stimuli that are similar to the CS
Tupac was influenced by Shakespeare.
(TRUE OR FALSE)
True
What did 'Little Albert' demonstrate and who was it researched by?
Demonstrated how fears can be created by classical conditioning.
Researched by John Watson
How are reinforcements and punishments different?
Reinforcements - Have effects that increase behavior
Punishment - Have effects that decrease behavior
What is modeling and give an example.
Models - Individuals performing the imitated behavior
What is Associative Learning?
Associative Learning - Occurs when an organism makes connections between stimuli and events that occur and the environment
What is our professors name?
Professor Udry, Jessica
What is extinction and give a scenario of it?
*Bonus points if you can tell me what it is the basis for*
Extinction - Decrease in the conditioned response when the unconditioned response is no longer presented with the conditioned stimulus.
*Basis for therapy*
Name two laws of effect and how they effect a behavior.
Positive Reinforcement– A stimulus is added to increase behavior
Negative Reinforcement– An undesirable stimulus is removed to increase a behavior
Positive Punishment – ADDING an undesirable stimulus to decrease a behavior
Negative Punishment - REMOVING a pleasant stimulus to decease behavior
Shaping - Rewarding successful approximations of a target behavior
What are the steps in the modeling process?
1. Attention
2. Retention
3. Reproduction
4. Motivation
How is operant and classical conditioning different?
Operant - Behavior
Classical - Stimulus
J.COLE's real name is Jermaine Lamar Cole and he was born in Frankfurt, Germany.
(TRUE OR FALSE)
True
Name 2 classical conditioning processes (besides extinction) and example one of the two.
Acquisition—Initial period of learning
Spontaneous recovery—the return of a
previously extinguished conditioned stimulus
following a rest period
Renewal effect—Recovery of an extinguished response that occurs when the context is changed after extinction.
Define 2 schedules and give one example out of the two.
Fixed Interval - Behavior is rewarded after a set amount of time
Variable Interval - The organism gets reinforcement based on varying unpredictable amounts of time
Fixed Ratio - There are a set number of responses that must occur before the behavior is rewarded
Variable Ratio - The number of responses needed for a reward varies
Give an outcome of social modeling.
Vicarious reinforcement - The model is reinforced for their behavior, and you are motivated to copy them
Vicarious punishment - The model is punished for their behavior, and you are less motivated to copy them
Define instinct and learning.
Instinct—Innate behaviors triggered by a broad range of events, such as maturation and the change of seasons
Learning—Relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge that results from experience
Who won the John C. Depp, II v. Amber Laura Heard case?
*Bonus: tell me one interest fact about it*
Johnny Depp
Identify the scenario:
Siri eats a large seafood dinner. Then, later that evening she experiences nausea and vomiting due to a stomach virus. Now, Siri feels nauseous if she smells seafood.
This scenario demonstrates classical conditioning.
Identify each scenario:
1. Selling cookies door to door
2. Waiting for an important email
3. A writer is paid every article completed
4. A rat is rewarded for the first correct response after every 30 seconds
1. Variable-Ratio Schedule
2. Variable-Interval Schedule
3. Fixed-Ratio Schedule
4. Fixed-Interval Schedule
What is social learning therapy? And what does it incorporate into learning?
*Bonus: Who studied it?*
Social Learning Therapy - Individuals can learn novel responses via observation of key others’ behaviors.
Incorporates COGNITIVES PROCESSES into learning.
*Studied by Albert Bandura*
Explain each term:
Unconditioned stimulus, Unconditioned Response, Neutral Stimulus/Conditioned Stimulus, Conditioned Response
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) - Stimulus which produces a reflexive response
Unconditioned Response (UCR) - A natural reaction to a given stimulus
Neutral Stimulus (NS)/Conditioned Stimulus (CS) - Stimulus that does not naturally elicit a response
Conditioned Response (CR) - Behavior caused by the conditioned stimulus
What is a hot take and give one example.
Hot Take - unpopular opinion