Canli et al
What is the aim of the study?
To demonstrate images causing high arousal will be remembered better than those that are less emotive.
What was the sample?
9 participants, 7 male and 2 female. Only 5 participants were studied while the other 4 confirmed findings.
How were the participants observed?
Through a one way mirror.
What kind of design was this study?
Independent measures design.
What was the sampling technique?
Opportunity and volunteer sampling.
What was the research method/design?
Lab experiment, repeated measures design.
How was this study a repeated measures design?
All the participants took part in the same condition/procedure.
What were the independent and dependent variables?
Independent: Info about adrenaline given to participants & the situation (euphoria or anger)
Dependent: participants emotional state.
What is divided attention?
The ability of an individual to focus or concentrate on two or more environmental factors, stimuli, or activities simultaneously.
What are two features of individuals who are labeled as being on the autism spectrum?
1. They tend to score higher than normal people.
2. They have trouble making eye contact.
The study used adult participants. Name two other features of this sample.
1. The participants were right handed.
2. The participants were female.
What is the apparatus of the study?
Sleep laboratory, EEG machine, electrodes, door bell, tape recorder.
What were the 4 conditions the participants injected with adrenaline put into?
1. epinephrine informed
2. epinephrine ignorant
3. epinephrine misinformed
4. placebo
What was the quantitative data?
Names of party-goers recalled, names of places recalled, false alarms, number of shapes shaded in.
Why did they change the original test from 1977?
To check the validity of the study/make sure the test was valid.
What is a methodological problem that could occur if children were used in this study.
Children are more sensitive with more of an imagination so the images could be distressing or they may not understand what the image is displaying.
What is the difference between REM and NREM sleep?
During REM the brain is more active and in NREM the brain is least active.
How were the emotions of participants recorded on paper?
Through a questionnaire that asked emotional questions like "how irritated, angry, or annoyed do you feel at the moment"?
In what ways was the study NOT valid?
Volunteer sampling resulted in similar traits(bias results) and demand characteristics(participants suspected a memory test)
What is theory of mind?
The ability to imagine other people's emotions and thoughts.
Describe the presentation of the images in the scanner.
96 scenes ad 48 foils ranging from extremely disturbing (like a man on fire) to neutral (image of an apple) in a random order. There was a 2-3 second gap between images.
How is the study reliable?
High control over the variables. The tape recorder and the doorbell helps keep the procedure standardized.
Describe the deception in the study.
Researchers injected adrenaline into the participants but told them it was suproxin. Didn't say participants had right to withdraw and there were no consent forms signed.
Describe the procedure.
Participants were given a piece of paper either lined or with squares and circles, in a quiet room they then listened to voice message and were told to write down people attending the party and their names. Then asked for places named as well. The other group of participants did the same thing but vice versa naming places first and names second.
How did they show the test for theory of mind was hard for those on the autistic spectrum?
The results were compared with a no clinical condition and a group with a different disorder.