Sensitive/Critical
What is a sensitive period?
The optimal window for learning a skill, where if this is missed, it is possible to learn later but is harder.
What is the 1st and 3rd stage of Piaget's theory of development?
Sensorimotor and concrete operational
Define typical behaviour
Behaviour that is normal or expected for a certain person (or group of people)
What is convenience sampling?
Participants who are easy to reach or available.
What is between subject designed?
Different participants are used in each condition
What is a critical period?
A time when a specific skill or ability must develop, or it may never develop properly.
What is the 2nd and 4th stage of Piaget's developmental theory?
Pre-operational and Formal operational
Define atypical behaviour
Behaviour that is not normal or expected for a certain age or group
Give an advantage of random sampling
Reduces bias, so the sample can be REPRESENTATIVE or GENERALISED
What is within subject design?
The same participants are used in all conditions
Provide an example of a sensitive period and an example of a critical period
Probably 2nd language vs 1st language learning.
Perhaps something about kittens and vision
What are some accomplishments of the pre-operational stage?
Egocentrism, animism, centration
What criterion defines behaviour as atypical if it is very uncommon in the population?
Statistical rarity
Give one pro and one con of convenience sampling
Easy and cheap, but biased which means NOT REPRESENTATIVE of the population/CANT be GENERALISED to the population
Provide an advantage and disadvantage of within subject design
Less people required, so no individual differences.
More time required per participant, so higher withdrawal rates
Compare critical periods and sensitive periods using examples for each
Critical is a must learn window or learning will never occur, while sensitive periods are windows where learning is easier, but can still be learnt later if missed, it will just be harder.
What are some accomplishments of concrete operational?
Conservation, classification, reversibility
What criterion judges behaviour based on whether it breaks societies accepted rules?
Social norms
Define stratified sampling
Divides population into subgroups (strata), and then randomly selects from these subgroups.
Provide an advantage and disadvantage of between subject design
More efficient, so less participant withdrawal.
More individual differences within data, less reliable.
Define case study and provide one that illustrates critical periods
Genie (The "feral" child)
What is a schema? Use an example within your answer
A mental idea of what something is and how to act on it.
Example could be the "uses of a brick" exercise that we did
Which criterion classifies behaviour as atypical if it interferes with a person's ability to function in daily life.
Provide an example.
Maladaptive behaviour
Procrastinating, doing drugs
What is one advantage stratified sampling has over random sampling?
It is more representative, because all subgroups are represented
What is matched pairs design?
Participants are paired based on a similar characteristic and then split into different conditions