sleep and dreams
human development
Psychologists
vocabulary/ terminology
miscellanous
100
What is Circadian Rhythm? How long is a cycle, and explain when we feel our best and worse (using body temperate if needed)?
The biological clock; a 24 hour cycle, body temperature rises in the morning, peaks during the day (dips in early afternoon and drops when we go to sleep.)
100
what are the 3 domains of human development? And describe each one.
1. physical 2. cognitive 3. social
100
Name the main psychologist that contributed to classical conditioning.
Pavlov
100
What is the Critical Period in development.
An optimal period shortly after birth when an organism's exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development.
100
What is Spermarchy? What is Menarchy? What is Menopause? What ages are the averages for these events to occur, alongside puberty and precocious puberty?
Spermarchy is the first wet dream. Menarchy is the first period. Menopause is when a woman stops having periods. Menopause ~51 Spermarchy ~13 for Boys (Puberty) Menarchy ~11 for Girls (Puberty) Precocious puberty occurs at 8 for girls and 9 for boys
200
What are the 5 main reasons we need sleep?
protects us, to recuperate, strengthens memory, feeds creativity, supports growth
200
What are the 4 parenting styles? and explain
authoritative- authoritarian indulgent / permissive neglectful
200
Name the psychologist that contributed to observational learning. What was the name of his experiment?
Bandera, and the Bobo Doll experiment
200
What is the difference between manifest content in dreams, and latent content in dreams?
Manifest content are things that occur in a dream, while latent content is the meaning behind this content.
200
What is the difference between accommodation schemas and assimilation schemas?
Accomodation schemas are when you adjust your schema, and assimilation schemas are when you pick up new schemas.
300
What happens if you do not get enough sleep?
causes illogical thinking, causes depression, causes weight gain, suppresses immune system, and slow reaction time.
300
explain prenatal development
zygote, embryo, fetus, teratogens
300
Who was a social psychologist that contributed to the eight stages of human development?
Erikson
300
What are teratogens? What is Fetal Alcohol Syndrome?
Teratogens are harmful agents such as viruses and drugs to developing fetuses. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is physical and cognitive abnormalities caused by heavy drinking during pregnancy.
300
What are three ways to learn? Describe each.
Classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational conditioning. Classical conditioning is learning when one learns to link two or more stimulus and anticipate events. Operant conditioning is learning by behavior strengthened by reinforcement and decreased by punishment. Observational learning is learning by seeing others actions.
400
Name 4 sleeping disorders and describe each one.
1. sleep apnea- when one stops breathing in their sleep 2. insomnia- when one cannot fall asleep or stay asleep 3. night terrors- bad nightmares 4.narcolepsy- uncontrollable sleeping
400
Name 4 attachment styles and describe each one
1. securely attached 2.insecurely 3. insecure avoidant 4.insecure disorganized
400
Name a psychologist who contributed to operant learning.
Skinner
400
Describe some occurances that occur in middle adulthood.
The Empty Nest - No Children, a decline in marital satisfaction A Mid-Life Crisis - A period of time around 50 years old where you re-examine your life
400
Why do we dream?
We dream to satisfy our wishes, to file away memories, to make sense of neural static, to strengthen neural pathways, and to reflect cognitive development.
500
5 stages of sleep and describe each one
1. often connected to the sensation of floating or falling. Alpha waves. Lasts 20 minutes 2. sleep spindles, uses beta waves 3. & 4. takes 30 minutes total with large slow delta waves 5.REM sleep, rapid eye movement, have dreams,
500
name the 8 stages of Erikson's `
1 Infancy - Trust V. Mistrust 2 Toddlerhood - Autonomy V. Shame and Doubt 3 Preschool - Initiative V. Guilt 4 Elementary School - Industry V. Inferiority 5 Adolescence - Identity V. Role Confusion 6 Young Adulthood - Intimacy V. Isolation 7 Middle Adulthood - Generativity V. Stagnition 8 Late Adulthood - Integrity V. Despair
500
Who was the primary psychologist for human development that is still one of the most influential psychologists?
Freud
500
Describe the sensory motor, preobservational, concrete observational, and formal observational stages.
The sensory motor is the period where infants know the world mostly through senses and actions. The preobservational is when the world is representing things with words and images. This is using intuitive rather than logical reasoning. The concrete observational is when an individual thinks logically about concrete events, and can grasp concrete analogies as well as perform math. The formal observational is when an individual can perform abstract reasoning.
500
What psychologist came up with the four stage model of cognitive development? Who is the other cognitive psychologist, and explain his theory.
Piaget and Vigotsky
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