Psych Basics/Schools of Thought
What is Psychoanalytic Theory?
Sigmund Freud is most closely associated with this theory that explores the unconscious mind.
What is an experiment?
tests hypotheses by manipulating one variable and observing its effect on another.
What is debriefing?
After a study, this process explains the true purpose and answers participants’ questions.
Who conducted the Stanford Prison Experiment?
Phillip Zombardo
What is Gestalt Psychology?
This psychology type studies how the mind organizes patterns and wholes rather than just parts.
What is naturalistic observation?
watching subjects in their natural environment without interference.
What is limited deception?
Allows for some deception only if no harm is done and participants are informed afterward.
What was the purpose of the SPE?
To see how rule following impacted if people would blindly follow immoral orders
What is Structuralism?
focuses on breaking down mental processes into their basic components.
What is a survey?
asking questions through questionnaires or interviews.
What is protection from harm and discomfort?
requires researchers to minimize physical or emotional harm to participants.
What were the findings of the SPE?
Guards: given authority, used it against those without authority, took it too far.
Inmates: some rebelled, some fell in line
A counselor helps clients explore hidden feelings from their past that might be affecting their current behavior. Which school of thought supports this approach?
Psychodynamic Theory
What is a challenge of naturalistic observation?
Many variables, random conditions, no cause/effect
What are animal research ethical guidelines? (ABC)
Appropriate, Beneficial, Caring
What are risks, purpose, procedures, and the right to withdraw?
These are the key elements participants must be informed about before agreeing to join a study.
A teacher notices that students learn better when they understand how new information connects to their daily lives and surroundings. Which psychological approach focuses on how mental processes help people adapt in their environments?
What is functionalism?
In a case study, what type of research method would be used?
Naturalistic Observation, Longitudinal Study
What is assent?
When a child cannot consent to psych. research, the parent/ guardian gives permission for them to participate.
This type of test measures individual differences like intelligence or personality.
What is a psychological test?