Fundamentals of Psychology
Psychology is considered by many to not be a "hard" science. Instead, it is often called a ______ science.
"soft"
Controversial Austrian psychologist who founded the field of psychodynamic psychology. Known for his investigations into the unconscious part of the mind.
Sigmund Freud
Psychology's roots can be traced back to this related discipline.
Philosophy
This perspective emphasizes looking at observable behavior. Specifically, actions and thoughts that have been learned and reinforced.
Behavioral
This type of thinking does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Rather, it examines assumptions, appraises the source, discerns hidden biases, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions.
Critical Thinking
One of the biggest questions in psychology is the influence of our genes versus the influence of our environment. This is known as ______________________.
Nature vs. Nurture
German psychologist who opened the first psychology laboratory and helped develop the field of structuralism.
Wilhelm Wundt
An early school of thought promoted by James and influenced by Charles Darwin; explored how mental and behavioral processes enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish.
Functionalism
Cognitive psychology attempts to view the brain as if it were this machine.
Computer
This approach examines how behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures.
Social-Cultural
Psychology is defined as the science of ___________ and _______ processes
American psychologist who contributed to the field of behaviorism. Known for training rats and pigeons in isolated chambers known as "boxes."
B.F. Skinner
The early psychological school of Structuralism used this technique to try to understand the makeup of the mind.
Introspection
This perspective would use brain scans like CT, MRI, and PET to view neural activity.
Biological
This American behaviorist is perhaps best known for his infamous Little Albert experiment.
John B. Watson
The psychological subfield that uses scientific study to solve practical problems is known as...
Applied Research
American psychologist who contributed to the field of humanistic psychology. Known for developing client-centered therapy using unconditional positive regard.
Carl Rogers
This is a psychodynamic technique used in treating psychological disorders, which attempts to access repressed feelings and unconscious conflict.
Psychoanalysis
This perspective attempts to combine three different aspects of looking at psychology to create a holistic view of people's thinking and behavior.
Biopsychosocial Perspective
The evolutionary perspective relies on this principle, which states that traits that allow us to survive and reproduce will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations.
Natural Selection
The idea that knowledge comes from experience, and that observation and experimentation enable scientific knowledge.
Empiricism
American psychologist who is considered one of the founders of positive psychology.
Martin Seligman
These two schools of psychological thought both emerged in the 1960s with VERY different priorities and interests.
Humanistic and Cognitive Psychology
Hierarchy of Needs
This field studies the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior.
Behavior Genetics