Psychodynamic Approach
What part of the mind (according to Freud) are most deep thoughts and urges pushed to?
The unconscious
What is the social-cognitive approach to personality?
Personality and decision-making are determined by a COMBINATION OF 3 factors; personal, situational, and behavioral (VERY IMPORTANT to look at all 3)
Ex.- shy person (personal) at a crowded party of strangers (situational). If they meet someone and have a good interaction it may reinforce more social behavior (behavioral). A rude person may have the opposite effect.
Name 1 of the 2 humanists we talked about last class
1. Abraham Maslow
2. Carl Rogers
What is the main issue regarding trait theory that the other perspectives do a better job of? (If you don't remember try to guess!)
Doesn't describe the origin of a persons personality
Which perspective in personality psychology focuses on the influence social interactions and one's own thoughts in behavior and personality?
Social-Cognitive
Who is the father of psychodynamics?
Sigmund Freud
According to social cognitive psychologists, what is the best way to predict future behavior?
By observing a person's past behavior
Define "self efficacy" in your own words
One's belief in their own abilities to obtain/reach a goal
An aspect of someone's personality that is considered to be reasonably stable throughout ones life
Traits
This perspective in personality psychology emphasizes the role of unconscious conflicts and childhood experiences in shaping adult behavior.
Psychodynamic
These part of the mind that "houses" all of the deep wishes, secretive desires, sexual thoughts, etc.
Unconscious
Daily Double: (must get both for 300 points)
Define the term ""self-efficacy"
What are people with a high self-efficacy more likely to do?
Definition: A belief in your abilities and ability to succeed.
people with a high self-efficacy are more likely to persist and complete a difficult task.
What is the humanistic view of personality?
Views personality with a focus on the potential for healthy and personal growth, free will, creativity, and reaching ones full potential.
What is a questionnaire covering a wide range of feelings, and behaviors, used to assess selected personality traits
Personality test/inventory
Which perspective in personality psychology focuses on the role of genetics, the brain, hormones, and chemicals?
Biological
The Psychosexual stage in which the focus/attention is on the mouth
Oral Stage
Albert Bandura founded the social cognitive perspective, what else have we studied regarding Bandura that heavily influences this approach?
The bobo doll experiment, focused on observational learning.
According to Abraham Maslow, what is the highest level in the hierarchy of needs, representing the fulfillment of one's potential?
Self Actualization
What is an introvert and an extrovert according to Hans Eysenck (define both)
Introvert- imaginative, look inward for their ideas and energy rather than to others.
Extrovert- Active, self-expressive, gains energy from social interaction
This perspective in personality psychology emphasizes the stability of individual differences and the consistency of behavior across different situations.
Trait Perspective
Describe the ID, Ego, and Superego in your own words. (Must have all 3 correct)
Id- operates on the pleasure principle- seeks instant gratification
Ego- Operates on reality Principle- the mediator, aka you making the decision
Superego- Operates on the morality principle, AKA your conscience
How does the Social Cognitive Approach describe how people learn new behaviors?
We learn new behaviors by observing the behaviors of others and the consequences of their behavior balanced with our personal experiences/biases.
example- A child learns prosocial behaviors by watching a TV character exhibit kindness and empathy, subsequently integrating similar actions into their interactions with peers and family.
The concept that if we are surrounded by people who love us and want us to do well, we will reach our goals
Unconditional Positive Regard
List the Big 5 traits (any order)
Openness- to new experience
Conscientiousness
Extroversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism- (Emotional stability)
Which theory of personality supports the view that people are free to make conscious choices and are responsible for these choices?
Humanism