A form of behavioral learning in which a previously neutral stimulus acquires the power to elicit the same innate reflex produced by another stimuli.
What is classical conditioning?
100
Freud's theory of successive, instinctive patterns of associating pleasure with stimulation of specific bodily areas at different times of life.
What is psychosexual stages?
100
An anxiety disorder involving a pathological fear of a specific object or situation.
What is a phobia (phobic disorder)?
100
A term for any of the psychologically based therapies, including behavioral therapies and insight therapies.
What is psychotherapy?
100
According to this psychologist, the unconscious harbors memories, desires, and emotions that, at a conscious level, would cause one extreme anxiety.
Who is Sigmund Freud?
200
An operant chamber that can be programmed to deliver reinforcers and punishers contingent on an animal's behavior.
What is a Skinner box?
200
Occurs when a negative emotional experience affects one's ability to perceive accurately.
What is incongruence?
200
A disorder classified by persistent intrusions of unwelcomed thoughts with irresistible urges to carry out certain acts.
What is obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
200
Any form of psychotherapy based on the principals of behavioral learning, especially operant conditioning and classical conditioning.
What is behavioral therapy?
200
This psychologist conducted a famous experiment that demonstrated the concepts of learning by imitation through having children watch adults behave in an aggressive manner.
Who is Albert Bandura?
300
The application of an aversive stimulus after a response.
What is a positive punishment?
300
A Jungian concept that portrays each personality as a balance between opposing pairs of unconscious tendencies, such as introversion and extroversion.
What is the principle of opposites?
300
A preoccupation with one or more perceived defects or flaws in physical appearance that are not observable or appear slight to others.
What is body dysmorphic disorder?
300
A behavioral therapy technique in which anxiety is extinguished by exposing the patient to anxiety-provoking stimulus, in a hierarchy of weakest anxiety to strongest anxiety.
What is systematic desensitization?
300
This psychologist demonstrated the power of the social role, through his infamous Stanford prison experiment.
Who is Phillip Zimbardo?
400
An operant learning technique in which a new behavior is produced by reinforcing responses that approach the desired performance.
What is shaping?
400
An individual's sense of where his or her life influences originate.
What is locus of control?
400
The preoccupation with having, or acquiring, a serious disorder. Key: no actual somatic symptoms present, or only mild symptoms.
What is illness anxiety disorder (formerly known as hypochondriasis)?
400
As a classical conditioning procedure, this counterconditioning involves presenting individuals with an attractive stimulus paired with an unpleasant stimulation in order to condition a repulsive reaction.
What is aversion therapy?
400
This psychologist believed that the essential crisis of adolescence is discovering one's true identity amid the confusion of playing many different roles for different audiences in an expanding social world.
Who is Erik Erickson?
500
Mentally trying alternative behaviors and thinking through their consequences before selecting a physical response. This concept was ridiculed by behaviorists.
What is vicarious trial-and-error?
500
Healthy individuals who have met their basic needs and are free to pursue and interest in "higher" ideals, such as truth, justice, and beauty (comes from Maslow's theories).
What are self-actualizing personalities?
500
A disorder classified by compulsive hair-pulling.
What is trichotillomania?
500
An operant conditioning approach to changing behavior by altering the consequences, especially rewards and punishments, of behavior.
What is contingency management?
500
This psychologist conducted an experiment in which he measured individuals' conformity to authority. In doing so, the participant was put into a position where they were told they were administering electric shocks for incorrect answers. The behavior being measured was how high the participant would go (with voltage) under an authority's command.