The Brain
Disorders and Personality
Research Methods
Behavior Theories
The Situation
100
The last area of the brain to fully mature in late adolescence or early adulthood is the a. medulla b. prefrontal cortex c. occipital cortex d. hypothalamus
What is prefrontal cortex
100
Which of the following are disorders that occur in all cultures? a. generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder b. hypochondriasis, somatization disorder, and conversion disorder c. bulimia and anorexia nervosa d. schizophrenia, bipolar mood disorder, and depression
What is schizophrenia, bipolar mood disorder, and depression
100
In the naturalistic observation method the researcher a. conducts an in-depth investigation of an individual subject b. engages in careful observation of behavior without intervening directly with subjects c. uses questionnaires or interviews to gather information about specific aspects of participants' behavior d. manipulates a variable under carefully controlled conditions
What is engages in careful observation of behavior without intervening directly with subjects
100
When you are engaging in goal-directed behavior, you may be best described as experiencing a. an incentive b. motivation c. drive reduction d. emotion
What is motivation
100
Max has the need to master difficult challenges, to outperform others, and to meet high standards for excellence. According to researchers such as McClelland and Atkinson, Max most likely a. is high in achievement motivation b. has a high fear of failure c. is low in achievement motivation d. has high affiliation needs
What is high in achievement motivation
200
Which of the following is not one of the main parts of a neuron? a. dendrite b. axon c. neurotransmitter d. soma
What is neurotransmitter
200
Inattentional blindness occurs when individuals overlook highly salient features, or events that are unexpected, because their attention is focused on other features of a visual stimulus
What is True
200
Freud's concept of repression involves a specific type of a. retrieval failure b. decay c. interference d. ineffective encoding
What is retrieval failure
200
Theories permit researchers to move from a. application to control b. description to understanding c. concept to description d. understanding to application
What are description to understanding
200
If, after brain damage suffered in a car accident, a person gained 50 pounds in two months you would most likely suspect damage to the a. dorsal hypothalamus b. lateral hypothalamus c. ventromedial hypothalamus d. glucostats
What is ventromedial hypothalamus
300
Abnormalities at norepinephrine and serotonin synapses appear to play a role in which of the following? a. increased appetite b. hyperactivity c. depression d. high anxiety
What is depression
300
The two aspects of an individual's behavior that are central to the concept of personality are a. appropriateness and distinctiveness b. consistency and typicalness c. appropriateness and typicalness d. consistency and distinctiveness
What are consistency and distinctiveness
300
The premise that knowledge should be acquired through observation defines a. empiricism b. philosophy c. introspection d. subjective
What is empiricism
300
The branch of psychology concerned with the way individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by others is a. individual psychology b. social psychology c. cultural psychology d. abnormal psychology
What is social psychology
300
An individual thinks he is Jesus Christ. He also believes that, because he is Christ, people are trying to kill him. Assume that this individual is not correct-he is not Christ, and people are not trying to kill him. Which of the following would be the most likely diagnosis? a. catatonic schizophrenia b. multiple personality c. paranoid schizophrenia d. obsessive-compulsive disorder
What is paranoid schizophrenia
400
Children gain control of their movements in a head-to-foot direction according to the ____ trend and they gain control in a center-outward direction according to the ____ trend. a. proximocaudal; cephalodistal b. cephalocaudal; proximodistal c. cephalodistal; proximocaudal d. proximodistal; cephalocaudal
what are cephalocaudal; proximodistal
400
Mason is already late for an important appointment when he realizes he is almost out of gas. He stops to fill up, and the clerk has trouble getting approval on his credit card. When he finally pulls out of the service station, the traffic is crawling because of an accident. Inconveniences of this type a. are such routine hassles that they are not perceived as stressful b. can often have a significant effect on physical and mental health c. usually create avoidance-avoidance conflicts d. are only stressful to individuals with a Type A personality
What is can often have a significant effect on physical and mental health
400
Psychologists who took the structuralist approach to the study of consciousness believed that the best way to understand an individual's conscious experiences was to understand all the component parts that combined to produce the experience. This view is most consistent with a. the opponent-process model of perception b. the top-down processing model of perception c. the bottom-up processing model of perception d. the eclectic model of perception
What is the bottom-up processing model of perception
400
The basic assumption of Gestalt psychology is that a. our perception of form has a preference for stationary objects over moving objects b. our perception of a "whole" may have qualities that do not exist in any of the parts c. there is a one-to-one correspondence between sensory input and perception d. our perception has a preference for complex forms over simple forms
What is our perception of a "whole" may have qualities that do not exist in any of the parts
400
Sabina is watching to a an old movie and journaling all her feelings and impressions as she experiences them. Sabina is using a technique similar to the research methodology of a. behaviorism b. functionalism c. humanism d. structuralism
What is structuralism
500
Which memory system is referred to in your text as "working memory"? a. sensory memory b. long-term memory c. short-term memory d. all of these collectively
What is short-term memory
500
The concept that abnormal behavior is the result of a disease goes with the a. humanistic model b. psychological model c. behavioral model d. medical model
What is medical model
500
Which of the following has not been suggested as a hypothesis concerning the evolutionary bases of sleep? a. to reduce exposure to predators b. to restore energy and other bodily resources c. to reduce the risk of accidents during the night part of the day-night cycle d. to conserve energy
What is to reduce the risk of accidents during the night part of the day-night cycle
500
When a choice must be made between two unattractive goals we are said to be experiencing a. a risk-aversion conflict b. an avoidance-avoidance conflict c. an approach-approach conflict d. an avoidance-approach conflict
What is an avoidance-avoidance conflict
500
Brooke had been battling the rising floodwaters around her home for more than 72 hours. It seemed that no matter how many sandbags she stacked, it wasn't enough. At this point she just feels that there is nothing else that she can do. Her overall energy reserves are totally depleted, and her body just wants to give up. According to Selye's general adaptation syndrome, Brooke is probably experiencing a. the stage of resistance b. an alarm reaction c. recovery d. the stage of exhaustion
What is the stage of exhaustion
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