Abnormality
These give people an understanding of appropriate behaviour to exhibit and expect in a scenario.
Social Norms
This approach explains how negative patterns of thinking, maladaptive beliefs and faulty information processing causes depression.
The cognitive approach
This model explains that classical conditioning forms phobias and operant conditioning maintains phobias.
Two-process model (Mowrer, 1960)
Compulsive behaviours - Performing a behaviour to reduce anxiety created by obsessive thoughts - are this kind of characteristic
A behavioural characteristic of OCD
Positive self-perception, autonomy, the ability to cope with stress, are three examples of the seven criteria associated with this definition of abnormality.
Deviation from Ideal Mental Health (these are part of the criteria for ideal mental health according to Jahoda)
What are 3 behavioural characteristics of depression?
Aggression, Changes to sleeping / eating behaviour, self harm, activity levels etc.
Kinemortophobia is the fear of this
Zombies
These four things contribute to the cycle of OCD
Obsessive thought - anxiety - compulsive behaviour - temporary relief
In statistics, this is a measure of the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of values which tells you how far values lie from the mean.
Standard Deviation
Outline one strength of using CBT to treat depression
Research support for effectiveness etc.
There are three steps to one of behavioural therapies: what is this therapy and what are these steps?
Systematic desensitisation: Anxiety hierarchy, relaxation, exposure.
A certain variation of this gene causes low levels of serotonin and is linked to OCD
SERT gene
What is the principle of regarding the beliefs, values, and practices of a culture from the viewpoint of that culture itself.
Cultural relativism
This model explains how irrational beliefs make someone overreact negatively to a situation and become depressed
Ellis' ABC Model
Ethical arguments for and against flooding
Traumatic, but P's give informed consent / can drop out / case studies show it's worth it.
SSRIS work through this process
blocking the reuptake of serotonin at the synapse
Name 1 positive and 1 negative evaluation for using FFA as a definition of abnormality
Observable behaviour / considers feelings of individual etc.
Too focussed on individual / can be unwell and in need to help without failing to function etc.
What percentage of CBT patients tend to relapse within a year according to research?
Accept ~50%. 52% in Shehzad Ali et al. study.
What is the main limitation of assuming that phobias are caused by traumatic experiences and what implication does this have for the behavioural explanation?
Not all of them do - the behavioural approach cannot be a comprehensive explanation.
Twin studies research suggests this about genes
Genes influence the development of OCD BUT are not a sole explanation.