History, Diagnosis, & Research
Two of the requirements to establish causation are covariance and internal validity. This is the third requirement.
Temporal precedence
This type of humanistic therapy uses techniques such as strong therapeutic alliance, unconditional positive regard, empathy, genuineness, and reflection.
Person-Centered Therapy
In the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide, this construct is related to fear of dying and determines whether suicidal desire leads to a suicide attempt.
Acquired Capability
This is the specific cognitive-behavioral approach most often used to treat panic disorder.
Interoceptive Exposure
Bec hates giving presentations at work. Their heart starts pounding, and their hands shake so badly that they can't read their notes. They worry that their colleagues can see their anxiety and will think that they don't deserve to be there, and this just makes their presentations go worse. They have started avoiding presentations, and as a result missed out on a promotion they had been working toward for years.
Social Anxiety Disorder
This type of treatment, founded in response to asylums, was based on the idea that psychopathology could be cured by restoring patients' dignity and tranquility.
Moral Treatment
The following quote is most likely to be said by a therapist within this therapeutic approach.
"I wonder if, as immigrants, your parents’ cultural background has contributed to the dynamics in your family around academic success."
Sociocultural
This neurotransmitter is most strongly implicated in bipolar disorders due to its role in reward systems.
Dopamine
In the Two-Factor Theory of anxiety, this behavioral process results in the acquisition of fear/anxiety.
Classical Conditioning
Jenn has been on the go for the past 10 days. She feels like she has to keep working, because her thoughts are racing and she needs to get them out of her head. She knows that she is smarter than everyone around her, and she wouldn't want to deprive the world of her genius. There is no time for sleep, but she doesn't mind since she isn't tired anyway.
Bipolar I Disorder
These types of tests, involving interpretation of ambiguous stimuli, are based on psychodynamic theory and have poor reliability and validity.
Projective Tests
If your anxiety decreases when you avoid phone calls, so you avoid them more in the future, then the reduction in anxiety is this type of operant conditioning consequence.
Negative Reinforcement
This type of therapy is used to target avolition in depression by scheduling physiologically arousing activities.
Behavioral Activation
This concept, proposed by Seligman, explains why humans develop specific phobias to spiders, but not butterflies.
Prepared Fears
Caleb has struggled with feeling down for the past 4 years. He believes that he is not a very competent or likable person, and this constant negativity leaves him feeling constantly exhausted. He has not had a break from this mood since it started, and he doubts that it will ever get better.
Persistent Depressive Disorder
This is the causal process by which a disorder develops, which is commonly studied in etiology research and usually tested with mediation analysis.
Mechanism
According to psychodynamic theory, this personality structure operates according to the reality principle and tries to satisfy pleasure-driven impulses while also being responsive to standards of conduct.
Ego
This theory of depressive disorder etiology says that more stress is needed to trigger earlier depressive episodes compared to later ones.
This theory of why exposure therapy works argues that habituation is not important, and instead emphasizes the importance of maximum expectancy violation, variability, and multiple contexts.
Inhibitory Learning Theory
Olivia always brings her girlfriend with her whenever her friends want to go out somewhere, like to concerts, bars, and movie theaters. She worries that she might get anxious in the crowd, but she knows that her girlfriend would help her leave if that happened. It can be frustrating when her girlfriend is busy, since Olivia has to stay home those nights, and this has caused strain for their relationship.
Agoraphobia
This psychologist was the first to diagnose psychopathology based on syndromes and created the classification system that evolved into the DSM.
Emil Kraepelin
This tendency increases stigma due to perceptions of psychopathology as untreatable, and those with mental illness as dangerous and unpredictable.
Genetic Essentialism
This characteristic of the family environment, involving high criticism, hostility, and emotional overinvolvement, is targeted by Family-Focused Therapy for bipolar disorders.
Expressed Emotion
This theory of worry proposes that people with generalized anxiety disorder use worry to avoid sharp increases in negative emotions.
Constrast Avoidance Theory
Ritu's parents bring her to a therapist because of her frequent temper tantrums over the past year. Whenever she doesn't get her way, she starts screaming and throwing things. This happens on most days, and even when she is not in the middle of an outburst, she is always annoyed. Her parents are frustrated, thinking that they should have left this behavior behind years ago.
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder