Anxiety, Trauma, and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders
Originally viewed as a childhood condition, but can now be persisted into adulthood (most prevalent). It is the persistent and unrealistic worry that something will happen to the parents during one's absence.
Separation Anxiety
Disorder that can be known as multiple personality disorder, where a person can adopt up to 100 alters. Host seeks treatment while the alters are impulsive-identities that might help one cope with a traumatic event. Switching between alters can even come with many consequences like memory loss.
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)
Detached and lack emotional expression, and do not appear affected by praise or criticism, also do not have any unusual thoughts (loner and observers).
Schizoid Personality Disorder (Cluster A)
Decreases activity of the CNS, promoting GABA, and causes behavioral sedation and relaxation. Most likely to produce tolerance and withdrawal (dependence).
For Ex: Alcohol
Depressants
A complex psychotic disorder characterized by major disturbances in thinking, perception, emotion, language, and/or behavior.
Schizophrenia
Marked fear or anxiety about 1 or more social situations in which the individual is exposed to possible scrutiny by others. It is based on the negative evaluation of others during social interactions, being observed, and performing in front of others.
Social Anxiety
Preoccupation with health or appearance due to physical symptoms without known or origin.
Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD)
The discomfort with close relationships and cognitive/perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior (possibly on a continuum with schizophrenia but doesn't occur with the course of it)
Schizotypal Personality Disorder (Cluster A)
Increases CNS activity, blocking the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine and causes individuals to be more active and alert. Most widely used/prescribed throughout the world.
For Ex: Cocaine
Stimulants
Same criteria as Schizophrenia except the symptoms last for fewer months and then they disappear (unknown why).
Schizophreniform Disorder
Exposure to or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence in 1 or more of the following 4 ways: Directly experiencing an event, witnessing it happen to others, learning it happened to someone close to you (either accidentally or violently), or by experiencing repeated/extreme exposure to the details.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
The preoccupation of getting or having a serious medical disorder, without any such symptoms, also known as a hypochondriac.
Illness Anxiety Disorder (IAD)
A pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the right of others occurring since 15 years old, as indicated by 3 or more symptoms (evidence of conduct disorder before 15)
Antisocial Personality Disorder (Cluster B)
Related to the abuse and dependence of alcohol.
1. Wernicke's Encephalopathy = Mental confusion (oculomotor disturbances and difficulty with coordination).
2. Korsakoff's Psychosis = Learning and memory impairments.
Wernicke-Korsakoff's Syndrome
Erroneous beliefs despite clear contradictory evidence, abnormal thoughts, and the misinterpretation of reality.
Delusions
Experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event. Usually develops and persists up to a month, can turn into PTSD if untreated (a less severe form of it), and its treatments are the same.
Acute Stress Disorder
Failure to remember a specific event(s) at a particular time.
For Ex:War or abuse
Excessive emotionality and attention seeking, most common in women, where the situation is mostly seen as either black or white.
Histrionic Personality Disorder (Cluster B)
Recurrent problematic gambling behaviors leading to clinically significant impairment or distress, as indicated by the individual exhibiting 4 or more symptoms, not better explained by a manic episode.
Gambling Disorder
Most dramatic distortions of perception, sensory experiences in the absence of stimulation from the environment. Includes: Auditory, visual, gustatory, olfactory, and tactile (formication)
Hallucinations
Presence of obsessions (recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges or images that are experienced and thought of as intrusive or unwanted and can cause anxiety/distress) and compulsions (repetitive behaviors or mental acts that the individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession or rules).
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Loss of identity upon leaving home, following severe stress.
For Ex: Starting a new life.
Dissociative Fugue
A pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation, with a high comorbidity with social anxiety disorder (inhibited temperament).
Avoidant Personality Disorder (Cluster C)
1. Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED)
2. Kleptomania = Inability to refrain from the urge to steal things, not for one's own personal use.
3. Pyromania = Inability to refrain from the urge to start a fire.
(the main idea is the tension to do something, followed by instant gratification in order to relieve the tension)
Impulse Control Disorders
A biological approach, where the system may be too active in individuals with Schizophrenia. Dopamine Antagonists are prescribed for the disorder, which has side-effects similar to Parkinson's Disease (jerky muscle movements). Dopamine Agonists are prescribed for Parkinson's Disease, which has side-effects similar to Schizophrenia. Amphetamine-induced psychosis also has side-effects similar to the disorder.
Dopamine Theory