Depression and Bipolar
The neurotransmitter involved in the somatic responses that result in depressed mood, energy and appetite.
Norepinephrine
The general classes of medications that treat anxiety symptoms
Benzodiazepines (Anxiolytics), SSRIs, Beta Blockers (Antihistamines)
___________ symptoms refer to symptoms like hallucinations and delusions; while __________ symptoms refer to symptoms like anhedonia, alogia, and motivation
positive; negative
"Sundowning" is a hallmark symptom of this phase of AD progression
Moderate phase
______ route of administration is typically the fastest, while ________ is typically the slowest
Intravenous; Oral
Which class of drugs was the original antidepressant? Why aren't they used as often anymore?
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; many side effects that effect lifestyle and livelihood (diet)
What role does norepinephrine play in anxiety? Serotonin?
Fight or Flight; development and resolution of anxiety
Individuals in this category tend to respond well with neuroleptic medications and integrate with being a "contributing member of society"
Upper third of the law of thirds
This theory plays a big part in describing the impact of AD on a neuronal level
Demyelination
drug ________ refers to when two drugs compliment one another, while drug ________ refers to enhancing effects
synergism; potentiation
This type of antidepressant is a first choice for depressive symptoms such as amotivation and anergia; Name two meds under this category.
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs);
Prozac, Paxil, Zoloft, and Celexa
Medication is usually contraindicated with this type of anxiety disorder
General Anxiety Disorder
An alternative to standard pill medication (rather this route self administers over 28-32 days) that may prove more useful to ________ clients.
long-acting injectables; medication noncompliant
Alternative treatments to AD medications involve these options (name a couple)
Vitamin E/antioxidants, NSAIDS, better sleep, listening to music, activities with loved ones
These side effects involve central and peripheral issues; Effects include signs of agitation, confusion, delirium, and seizures. Drugs that more readily cross the blood-brain barrier tend to cause central nervous system adverse effects more frequently than those with limited ability to cross the border.
Anticholinergic Side effects
A collection of side effects formed by certain drugs that accumulate can be life threatening such as:
severe agitation, disorientation and confusion, ataxia, muscle spasms, and exaggerated autonomic nervous system functions, such as fever, increased blood pressure and heart rate, tremors, unconsciousness, seizures
Serotonin Syndrome
Benzodiazepines are useful to treat anxiety medications with their high efficacy, though they may have several side effects such as these when taken at higher doses or longer than intended (name a few)
Disrupted sleep architecture
Cognitive clouding
Increased reaction time
Decreased judgment
At high doses, respiratory depression and death
High risk for abuse and dependence
The worst/most intrusive cluster of side effects to come from antipsychotic medication. Name a couple.
Extrapyramidal Symptoms;
Dystonia
Parkinsonism
Akathisia
Tardive Dyskinesia
The impact of cognition, memory and learning, processin, and REM sleep is all due to this neurotransmitter, so much so that AD medications are referred to as ______ to prevent this from happening
Acetylcholine; Cholinesterase (AChE) Inhibitors
Antihistiminic drugs tend to have these types of side effects (name a few)
Drowsiness, Dry mouth, dry eyes, Blurred or double vision, Dizziness and headache, Low blood pressure, Mucous thickening in the airways Rapid heart rate, Difficulty urinating and constipation. Common ones are Headache, Cough, Tiredness, Sore throat, Abdominal pain or discomfort, and Nausea or vomiting
these types of drugs have this mechanism of action:
Increase or Enhance GABA
Inhibit Sodium Channels
Inhibit Calcium Channels
Modulate Glutamate
What are they used to treat? Name a couple of medications.
Anticonvulsants; Used to treat Bipolar Disorder; Valproate (Depakote), Carbamazepine (Tegretol), and Lemotrigine (Lamictal)
Benzodiazepines are part of a bigger class of drugs known as CNS depressants, because they affect a persons system by causing this
relaxation, sedation, reduction in worry, and reduction in the physiological symptoms of anxiety
the main difference between typical and atypical antipsychotics
greatly reduced risk of developing EPS; better negative sis reduction
______ are in charge of keeping neuronal structure in shape; in an AD brain these are found to be ______
Tau proteins; tangled/misfolded/microtubule tangles
This type of side effects causes nausea, hypotension, tachycardia, cardiac arrhythmias, and tremors. Common ones include anxiety and changes in heart rates and blood pressure
Adrenergic Side Effects