Half-life
The time at which the drug has lost half of its maximum concentration.
t1/2 (half-life)
[Show Shaq pic] What drug dosage factor is most apparent in this image?
Height (Weight is acceptable as well)
The dose at which 50% of individuals exhibit the drug’s specified effects
ED50
Factors that can increase a person’s chances for drug abuse
Risk factors
Neurotransmitters cross this gap between the pre-synaptic and post-synaptic (receiving) neuron.
Synapse
Highest concentration of drug in the blood
Cmax
Heather has liver cancer. In the past, she used to take 3-4 Tylenol at a time for her headaches. After her diagnoses, her doctor has prescribed her another drug that is not to detrimental to the liver to help her alleviate her headache. What factor is most likely at play for the medication switch?
Health/Pre-existing Medical Conditions
The dose required to produce a defined toxic effect in 50% of subjects
TD50
Having a good support system is an example of a _____.
Protective factor
Excitatory signals sent by neurotransmitters will ____ the effects of the receiving neuron.
Increase
Lowest concentration of of drug in the blood
Cmin
Zendaya’s boyfriend, Tom (a male), has a headache and takes 200 mg of a painkiller. His headache subsides after 30 minutes. Zendaya (a female) develops a headache that same day and takes 200 mg of a painkiller for her headache, but after 30 minutes she still has pain. She then takes another 200 mg and after another 30 minutes, her pain subsides. What factor listed in the paragraph, might be affecting the drug dosage here?
Gender
The dose required to kill 50% of subjects
LD50
Jared is addicted to heroin. He has run out of money from his job to pay for the drug. To fund his addiction he has been stealing money from his mom's purse overnight. As a result, he has lost his mom's trust. This is a______.
Consequence of addiction
Addiction is so powerful because it highjacks a pathway in the brain moderated by this "feel-good" neurotransmitter.
Dopamine
Drug testing on urine works better on certain drugs than others because of the variability of a drug's ability to be ____.
Eliminated
Jada took her friend Kim to a nightclub for her 21st birthday. Jada turned 21 about 6 months ago and has been drinking daily since. Additionally, both women weigh the same, however, Kim has a lower body fat percentage than Jada. They both drank the same amount (~9 fluid ounces). However, Kim had a higher BAC (blood alcohol content) and experienced greater effects of alcohol. What 2 factors listed in the paragraph are determining the drug's affect here?
Body fat percentage, Tolerance
This is the variable on the X-axis of the dose-response curve.
Drug dosage (amount of the drug given)
This is the last phase of addiction/drug use, when you need one or more drugs to function.
Dependency
These proteins are found in high quantities on the receiving neuron and act as a binding site for neurotransmitters.
Receptors
You are in the hospital after a car accident and you are given 100mg of morphine at 10am by IV. Almost immediately, you feel the effects of the drug. and by 10:02am you have reached the highest concentration of morphine in your blood stream. It takes morphine 2 hours to reach its half-life after Cmax. At what time would we expect to see morphine lose half its concentration in the blood stream?
around 12:02pm
Testing for a new market drug is done on rabbits. At 200mg, 25% of the rabbits tested on die. This trend continues, at every 200mg another 25% of the rabbits die, due to the drug's potency. Based on this trend what dosage would the drug's 100% mortality rate be?
800mg
This is the range between the minimum toxic dose and the minimum therapeutic dose, or the range of doses over which the drug is effective for most of the population and the toxicity is acceptable.
Therapeutic Range
Also known as behavioral dependency, this occurs when you have created a habit of using the drug and your brain is hard-wired to think that you need it to function.
Psychological Dependency
Serotonin is an example of an ______ neurotransmitter. It is known for regulating processes such as sleep and mood. It is also linked to sadness, fatigue and depression. Its role is to shut down and balance out certain excitatory processes in the brain. It blocks or prevents chemical message from being passed along any farther.
Inhibitory