Antipsychotics
Another name for typical antipsychotics
First generation or conventional antipsychotics
What are examples of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors?
Citalopram, escitalopram, paroxetine, sertraline
Obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder
What medication is primarily used to treat bipolar disorders?
Lithium
When educating a patient, what should you tell them about the amount of time antidepressants take to work?
It can take up to 4-6 weeks to achieve therapeutic effects
Example of atypical antipsychotics
risperidone (Risperdal)
quetiapine (Seroquel)
olanzapine (Zyprexa)
ziprasidone (Zeldox)
paliperidone (Invega)
aripiprazole (Abilify)
clozapine (Clozaril)
Therapeutic uses of SSRIs
Major depression, obsessive-compulsive disorders, bulimia nervosa, panic disorders
What is the expected pharmacological action of benzodiazepines?
What other class of drugs can be used as a mood stabilizer?
Antiepileptics (carbamazepine, valproic acid, Lamotrigine)
What should you tell a patient taking lithium to do in regards to nutrition?
Adequate fluid and sodium intake
What is the expected pharmacological action of a second generation antipsychotic such as Risperidone?
Blocks dopamine receptors AND serotonin receptors
What are the five groups of antidepressant medications?
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, atypical antidepressants, tricyclic antidepressants, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors
What are three withdrawal effects of benzodiazepines?
anxiety, insomnia, diaphoresis, tremors, delirium, muscle twitching
Two early manifestations of lithium toxicity
diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, thirst, polyuria, muscle weakness, fine hand tremor, slurred speech, lethargy
What drug-drug interactions are relevant for a patient taking benzodiazepines?
Any CNS depressant (alcohol, barbiturate, opioids)
Complications of atypical antipsychotics?
Weight gain, orthostatic hypotension, anticholinergic effects, agitation, sexual dysfunction
What kinds of foods do you have to avoid while taking MAOIs?
Tyramine-rich foods such as aged cheese, pepperoni, avocados, bananas, smoked fish, red wine
What food interaction should patients be counseled on while taking Buspirone?
grapefruit juice
How do diuretics interact with lithium?
Increased risk for low serum sodium which in turn leads to lithium toxicity (decreased lithium excretion)
What serious side effect should patients/caregivers be counseled to recognize during the early weeks of antidepressant therapy?
Increased suicide risk
What are examples of extrapyramidal effects?
acute dystonia, tardive dyskinesia, akathisia, parkinsonism
At least three manifestations of serotonin syndrome?
What type of medication can be used to treat both depression and anxiety?
SSRI antidepressants
What is the therapeutic use of mood-stabilizing drugs?
treatment and prevention of relapse of mania and depressive episodes
This intervention may be required for an individual demonstrating suicidal ideation with a plan.
Hospitalization