Antidepressants
Onset is 2 weeks
Max benefit at 4 to 6 weeks
What classes of medications are most commonly used to treat bipolar disorder?
Anticonvulsants and Antipsychotics
Which class of antipsychotic is most likely to cause tardive dyskinesia?
BONUS: Why does this medication cause TD?
Typical antipsychotics
Prolonged dopamine blockade or irreversible changes to D2 receptors
What class of medication is most commonly prescribed in the world to treat anxiety due to their effectiveness and onset of action?
Benzodiazepines
Weight gain and metabolic syndrome are commonly seen in these antipsychotics?
2nd generation or atypical antipsychotics
This class of medications inhibit the reuptake of serotonin, resulting in an increase of serotonin transmission.
BONUS 100 - name 4 of these medications
What are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
What is fluoxetine, citalopram, sertraline, escitalopram, paroxetine or fluvoxetine
This naturally occurring salt is a first-line treatment for patients with acute mania and for long-term prevention of recurrent episodes?
BONUS: what is the therapeutic range of this medication?
Lithium
0.6 to 1.2 mEq/L
This atypical antipsychotic tends to elevate serum prolactin and may cause EPS at higher doses
Risperidone
What non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic medication is commonly used to treat anxiety?
BONUS 100: Why is this medication superior to benzodiazepines?
Buspirone (Buspar)
Non-dependence forming; no withdrawal
This diagnosis/disease is associated with abnormally high levels of dopamine?
Schizophrenia
This class of antidepressants has a significant amount of side effects and can be lethal in overdoses
BONUS 100 Name 1 medication from this class
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
Amitriptyline, doxepine, nortriptyline or imipramine
This anticonvulsant is a derivative of valproic acid and is commonly used to treat bipolar disorder
Depakote or Divalproex
What life threatening diagnosis is associated with antipsychotic use?
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)
decrease level of consciousness, increased muscle tone, autonomic dysfunction (hyperpyrexia, labile hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnea diaphoresis, drooling) muscle necrosis
This class of medication is considered first line of treatment of anxiety disorders?
SSRIs
What mood-stabilizer is the #1 medication to treat suicidality?
Lithium
What is the mechanism of action in SNRIs?
BONUS 100 - Name 2 of the SNRI's
Decreases reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine
Venlafaxine, Duloxetine or Desvenlafaxine (Pristiq)
This FDA approved agent for treatment of bipolar disorder is associated with side effect of leukopenia
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
What can be seen with a patient experiencing EPS?
BONUS 100: What medications can be used to treat/reverse EPS?
Dystonias, Pseudoparkinsomnism, Akathesia
diphenhydramine or cogentin
This class of medications are used off label to treat anxiety through blocking of peripheral or central nonadrenergic activity and many manifestations of anxiety such as tremor, palpitations, tachycardia or sweating?
Beta Blockers and Alpha 2 Receptor Agonists
This antidepressant class has dietary restrictions that require a tyramine restricted diet?
BONUS: Give 2 examples of foods that you cannot eat on a tyramine restricted diet?
MAOIs
aged cheese, deli meats, fermented foods, beer, yeast extracts
What life threatening diagnosis is associated with antidepressants?
BONUS 100: Name at least 2 symptoms associated with this diagnosis
Serotonin syndrome
hyperreflexia, tremor, myoclonus, anxiety, restlessness, insomnia, diaphroesis, mydriasis, tachycardia, agitation, hypertension/hyperthermia, D/N/V, rigidity, respiratory failure, T/C seizure, coma, delirium, confusion, severe hyperthermia, dynamic blood pressure
Lithium can be toxic to patients when it is outside the therapeutic range. Name 2 of the symptoms can be seen with lithium toxicity?
Diarrhea, vomiting, stomach pains, fatigue, tremors, uncontrolled movements, muscle weakness, drowsiness, weakness
Serious: heightened reflexes, seizures, agitation, slurred speech, kidney failure, rapid heartbeat, hypertheramia, confusion, coma, delirium death
This antipsychotic is reserved for patients treatment resistant illness illness?
BONUS 100: Name the three side affects associated with this medication?
Clozaril
Agranulocytosis, seizures, myocarditis
This medication class is thought to reduce anxiety by enhancing GABA actions
HINT: give 2 examples of this type of medication
Benzodiazepines
Ativan, Klonopin, Valium, Xanax
This antidepressant is often used to treat depression and smoking cessation?
BONUS 200: Which neurotransmitters does this antidepressant boost, making it different from other antidepressants?
Bupropion (Wellbutrin)
Norepinephrine, noradrenaline and dopamine