Three general "layers" of development in the human brain.
What are the Reptilian Brain, Mamalian Brain, and Neocortex?
100
The "cell body" of the neuron (nerve cell).
What is the soma?
100
The specialized chemical messengers that are stored in the neuron and released into the space between the nerve cells as part of the process of communication from one nerve cell to another.
What are neurotransmitters?
100
Librium, Valium, Klonopin, Ativan, and Xanax
What are benzodiazepines?
100
2 types of drugs that disrupt the typical action of the neuroransmitter "dopamine"
What are (Cocaine, nicotine, PCP, amphetamines, caffeine, alcohol, or opioids)?
200
Three major pathways in the brain which underlie the brain's "pleasure centers". These areas are believed to contribute to the development and maintenance of substance dependence.
What are "The frontal cortex, the nucleus acumbens, and the ventral tegmental area (VTA)?
200
The part of the neuron cell that contains the cell's genetic material.
What is the cell nucleus?
200
The state of reduced responsiveness to the presence of a drug resulting in the need for increased doses of the drug to achieve the effects previously expereinced with lower doses.
What is physical tolerance?
200
Oxycontin, Morphine, Opium, Fentanyl, and Heroin
What are opioids?
200
Name 2 types of drugs that disrupt the typical action of the neurotransmitter serotonin.
What are (Alcohol, nicotine, amphetamine, Cocaine, LSD, MDMA (Ecstacy), or PCP?
300
This youngest part of the brain, it is believed to be responsible for the brains highest order functions of thought, language, reasoning, and perception. It's name is derived from the Lating for "bark" as in the bark of a tree because of its many grooves and bumps.
What is the cerebral cortex?
300
Neural structures that receive chemical messages from other cells through specialized binding sites
What are dendrites?
300
A nerve cell in its resting state is said to be "this", meaning it has a balance of positively charged ions on the outside of the cell and negatively charged ions on the inside perimeter of the cell.
What is polarized?
300
Ritalin, Adderall, Crystal Meth, Ephedrine, and caffeine
What are stimulants/amphetamines?
300
Name 2 types of drugs that disrupt the typical action of the neurotransmitter endorphin
What are (Heroin, or other opioids, PCP, alcohol, marijuana, and Salvia)?
400
This part of the brain, one of the first parts to develop, includes the medulla and pons and is responsible for regulating the most basic life functions including breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.
What is the brain stem?
400
The structures of the nerve cell that transports chemical messages and electrical signal causign the release of specialized chemical messengers from the nerve cells's furthest end point.
What are axons?
400
In this state the nerve cell is less likely to fire.
What is hyperpolarized?
400
Mellaril, Navane, Stellazine, Prolixin, Haldol, and Thorizine
What are typical antipsychotics?
400
Name 2 types of drugs that interfere with the typical action of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and epinephrine
What are (Cocaine, nicotine, marijuana, & Ecstacy)?
500
This "protective barrier" protects the Central Nervous System by blocking the entry of toxins into its structures. It is made up of cells having a high fat content.
What is The Blood-Brain Barrier?
500
The name of the vessels that hold specialized chemical messengers within the terminal buttons of the nerve cell until they are stimulated to release their specialized messengers.
What are the synaptic vessicals?
500
Physical tolerance produced by repeated administration of a drug in combination with the expereince of a physical withdrawal syndrome when the drug is stopped.
What is dependence?
500
Celexa, Prozac, Paxil, and Zoloft
What are SSRI antidepressants?
500
Name 2 types of drugs that interfere with the typical action of GABA (gamma-amino-butyric-acid)
What are: Benzodiazepines, barbiturates, marijuana, and PCP?