"Who am I?"
Name one critique commonly cited against Erikson’s theory.
Stages are vague, difficult to test empirically, culturally biased, people may encounter stages concurrently or in different orders
Theorist who proposed that infant-caregiver attachments are evolutionarily advantageous and that these attachments influence a child's internal working model
Bowlby
This process helps infants regulate emotion by looking to caregivers for cues.
Social referencing
Kohlberg’s stage of moral development that involves trying to avoid punishment and seek out rewards
Preconventional Morality
This model explains how immigrants maintain or change cultural identity.
Berry's Acculturation Model
At which developmental stage does self-esteem tend to be the LOWEST?
Adolescence
This type of attachment is characterized by distress when a caregiver leaves but comforted upon return.
Secure attachment
The ability to recognize, understand, and manage emotions.
Gilligan's main critique of Kohlberg's theory of moral development
Gender Bias
How people view themselves in reference to their racial and cultural social groups
Ethnic identity
This theory looks at identity as an evolving life story.
Narrative identity (McAdams & McLean)
Baumrind's parenting style that involves high warmth and low control/structure
Permissive
This theory says that older adults prioritize emotionally meaningful goals / relationships
Socioemotional Selectivity Theory (Carstensen)
This theory says that behaviors such as aggression are learned through observing models
Social Learning Theory (Bandura)
The effects of childcare depend on...
The quality of childcare (for example, how well the care providers are trained, appropriateness of materials, the ratio of care providers to children)
A life stage proposed by Arnett that covers ages 18-25 and involves identity moratorium.
Emerging Adulthood
In comparison to children, adolescents' friendships are based more on...
Psychological closeness
Levinson originally estimated that about 80% of men experience a midlife crisis. Based on more recent evidence, what is the actual percentage?
~15-20%
Dual processing theory calls quick, automatic reactions ___ responding.
Hot
This term refers to the psychological stress that arises from awareness of negative stereotypes about one’s group.
Stereotype threat (I would also accept self-fulfilling prophecy)
Describes biologically based, early-appearing style of emotional and behavioral responding to the world; viewed as the foundation of personality
Temperament
Name a gender difference in friendships
Possible correct answers: Girls tend to have fewer close friends than boys, boys are more likely to spend time together in groups rather than one-on-one, boys tend to emphasize shared activities whereas girls tend to emphasize emotional closeness, girls tend to resolve conflicts more effectively, girls tend to be more helpful whereas boys tend to be more physically aggressive
Adolescents experience more intense and variable emotions, partly due to this brain region maturing.
Prefrontal cortex/limbic system
The cycle of violence involves three stages: tension building, the acute act of violence, and then...
Loving contrition
What are some factors that could help explain racial differences in academic achievement?
Racial discrimination, differences in socioeconomic status