What is sympathetic activation (increased blood pressure, heart rate, adrenaline and NE release) and also parasympathetic activation (more stomach acid)?
100
This is the major source of caffeine.
What is beans from Coffea Arabica?
100
Caffeine blocks this receptor.
What is adenosine receptor?
200
According to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health 2002, this is the number of Americans that smoke.
What is 70 million?
200
Cognitive effects of Nicotine are mostly mediated by CNS receptors found in these areas.
What are the cortex, hippocampus, DA networks (VTA), and the basal ganglia?
200
Caffeine is absorbed by this part of the body, and then metabolized by this organ.
What are the GI tract, and the liver?
200
Adenosine receptors are metabotropic and are hypothesized to have this effect.
What is reduce neuron activity by second messengers and contribute to drowsiness?
300
The most common route of administration for nicotine is this.
What is inhalation, which takes ~ 7 seconds to reach the CNS?
300
Regular smokers report these cognitive effects when recieving nicotine.
What is increased calmness, increased relaxation, improved mood, attention, and memory?
300
The half life of caffeine.
What is 4 hours?
300
The result of chronic caffeine use.
What is dependence?
400
Nicotine acts at this specific receptor in the body.
What is Nicotinic Cholinergic receptors (nACHR)?
400
Non-smokers report these physiological and behavioral effects from receiving nicotine.
What is provoked arousal, tension, dizziness, light-headedness, and nausea?
400
The reported cognitive and physiological effects of caffeine.
What are reduced fatigue, well-being, vigor, alertness, concentration, and sociability (coffee shops).
400
The physiological and behavioral effects of caffeine withdrawal.
What are headache, fatigue, lethargy, drowsiness, difficulty concentrating, and mild anxiety.
500
With continued activation, nAChR's react by doing this.
What is desensitization (stops responding)?
500
The percentage of those who "experiment" with smoking and become smokers.
What is 33-50%? Nicotine is more addictive than alcohol, cocaine, and marijuana.
500
Caffeine is a sympathomemetic and people with this condition are advised against its consumption.