NTs/Genetics
_______ is common and reduces negative sx (cognition)
_______ _________ &_________ receptors may be abnormal in schizophrenia
Smoking
Nicotinic cholinergic & ACE
DSM 5 Criteria
Must have either hallucinations, delusions, or disorganized speech
and 1 other additional sxm- either another of the above or grossly disorganized or catanionic behaviors or negative sx
each sx has to present for at least one month MOST of the time
***** MUST HAVE A + and - symptom and must be
1. impairment in fxn and sx greater than 6 months or over
2. not related to another disorder (ex. MDD with psychosis )
3. Not r/t SUD
if AUSTISM, must have prominent delusions or hallucinations ( canbe tricky reagarding negative sx to tease out the two)
this stage consist of :
5-10 yrs after progressive
residual sxms
stable impairment
treatment resistance
Chronic residual
All of the following are ___________ _________
lifespan is 25 yrs less than general population
increased for CVD
metabolic syndrome
ELEVATED prolactin levels
Increased for HI and hepatitis
higher pain tolerance
medical morbidities
Describe Delusions
fixed false belief
pt maintains belief despite evidence of contrary
Genetics is a _________ field in schizophrenia. There is no one specific genetic mutation
______ studies suggest a genetic component
growing
Twin (hereditability)
Overall multiple gene involvement that have small variations. once together contribute to the clinical pic of schizophrenia
4 stages of Schizophrenia
1. Premorbid
2. Prodromal
3. progressive
4. Chronic Residual
Those with Schizophrenia are _____ times higher risk for suicide and ___ % will complete
4
5%
Explain polydipsia
excessive consumption of water which may cause hyponatremia
someone is intentionally harming or seeking to harm a person
Persecutory Delusion
excess _______ in adolescents is a fxn of immunity
pruning
This stage consist of some intellectual deficits but not over too noticeable
Premorbid
Pt with Schizophrenia are at increased risk for which substances?
Nicotine (most common)
ETOH
MJ
Cocaine
Rational: impaired by their psychosis and in distress and they are looking towards external factors to alleviate distress
Younag age at onset
male
white
heavy smoker
TD
poor medication response
are all _____ _________ for polydipsia
risk factors
belief in one's special abilities or powers or a special relationship to those in power
Grandiose
Advanced Paternal age
in utero influenza exposure
born winter /spring
low birth wt
MJ/Stimulant Use
Infection
Urban settings
advanced childhood experiences
obstetrical complications
Environmental factors may predispose to d/t excessive pruning
this stage consist of :
brief or burgeoning (growing) signs of psychosis
social impairment
impairment in thought, affect, emotion or bodily sensations may be apparent
Prodromal
Schizophrenia does not _______ violence
They are at higher risk for violence at their _______ ________
equal
first break
Name positive SX
Hallucinations and Delusions
fixed false belief with religious content
Religious
Homelessness, Unemployment, and shortened life span are all _________ to schizophrenia along with poor prognosis.
_____ % recover
______% chronic psychosis
Linked-usually have relapse and remission.
20%
10%
this stage consist of :
usually 1 year
overly psychotic
decreased fxning
worsening sxm
brain degeneration and lateral ventricles enlarged
Progressive
_____ % have depression which is assoc. with ______ prognosis
25%
Worse
Describe hallucinations
sensory experience in absence of stimulus
sometimes mistaken for illusions(misperception of stimulus)
can see person responding to stimulus(internally preoccupied)
can occur in any of the 5 senses
****** smell/taste may consider organic issue
****** touch r/o substance use disorder
ones thoughts are broadcast or heard by others
thought broadcasting