hyper & hypokalemia
what are the causes of hyperkalemia?
-renal failure
-excessive K intake
-adrenal insufficiency
-acidosis
-severe tissue trauma
-bone or crush injuries
what are some key signs of heart failure?
edema, JVD, and weight gain
what areas of the brain are damaged in spastic, ataxic, and dyskinesia CP?
spastic: lesion in upper motor neurons
ataxic: damage to the cerebellum
dyskinesia: damage to basal ganglia
what are some complications of spina bifida?
traumatic birth
frequent urinary infections
fluid buildup in the brain
loss of bowel or bladder control
brain infection
permanent weakness or paralysis in legs
what is the normal range for potassium?
3.5-5.3
what are some causes of heart failure?
-coronary heart disease
-high blood pressure
-previous heart attack
-diabetes
-cardiomyopathy
what are some S/S of spastic CP?
tight muscles
scissor-like walk
weak muscles or no movements in certain groups
jerky-like movements
what are some myelomeningocele manifestations?
problems moving the lower half of the body under the opening
lack of sensation in legs/feet
poor/no bowel or bladder control
twisted or abnormal legs/feet (clubfoot)
hydrocephalus
what are the clinical manifestations of hyperkalemia and hypokalemia?
HYPER: t-wave elevation, dysrhythmias, cardiac arrest, N/V, abdominal pain, cramping, paresthesias
HYPO: flat or inverted T-waves, anorexia, decreased bowel sounds, dysrhythmias
what is some nursing care for heart failure?
-monitor daily weight
-assess shortness of breath
-administer oxygen
-position pt in high fowlers
-administer diuretics per provider order
what are some S/S of ataxic CP?
unsteadiness when walking
tremors with quick movements or movements that need a lot of control
what assessments should be performed in a pt with hip dysplasia?
Ortolani- Barlow maneuver
assess for asymmetrical gluteal folds
assess for limited abduction of the affected hip
assess for Galeazzi sign
in older children: assess limping and toe walking
what are the causes of hypokalemia?
-diuretics (lasix)
-corticosteroids
-antibiotics
-GI secretions
-laxatives
TRUE/FALSE:
In a pt with HF a nursing intervention would be to weigh a pt weekly
FALSE
you would weigh a pt DAILY
what are S/S of dyskinetic CP?
muscle tone ranges (too tight or too loose)
uncontrolled movements
trouble controlling movements
trouble speaking
facial and tongue disorders= frown or drool
what are some dx for hip dysplasia?
physical exam
x-rays
ultrasound
when potassium is elevated you will see the destruction of _____ with burns, tissue trauma, and bone injuries.
RBC's
what type of heart failure happens in pts with COPD?
right sided
TRUE/ FALSE:
CP is a progressive disease
FALSE
CP is a non progressive disease
what is some spica cast complications?
skin compromise/ skin breakdown