quotes
"for how can a being be generous who has nothing of its own? or, virtuous, who is not free?"
Wollstonecraft
what does hobbes argue that a commonwealth is?
one person of whose acts a great multitude of people have made themselves the authors (each of them an author)
What does Rousseau believe that drives people to insecurity, competition, and domination?
dependence
when does locke say a government can be dissolved?
when the legislative power is compromised
Who believes that if "Man is born free; and everywhere he is in chains. One thinks himself the master of others, and still remains a greater slave than the"?
Rousseau
"Political emancipation certainly represents a great
progress. It is not, indeed, the final form of human
emancipation."
Marx
What does Aristotle argue is the best constitution of political community?
Polity - suits the socio-economic conditions that reflect the middle class
what does locke define the state of nature as?
"perfect freedom" and "also of equality"
What's hobbes' first law of nature?
1. seek peace and follow it
who argues that tyranny begins when law ends?
Locke
“I easily grant, that civil government is the proper remedy for the
inconveniences of the state of nature"
locke
what's Hobbes's conclusion to his thought experiment?
if everyone is equal, then a state of war would be the result
What does Kant argue that is required for public use of reason?
Nothing is required but freedom- brings enlightenment among humans
What does hobbes believe a demand for liberty is?
a demand to return to the state of war
Who believes that what makes a human human is one’s ability to produce, not just instinctively (like in the animal world), but “spontaneously,” “freely,” and “universally"?
Marx
“To this war of every man against every man, this also is consequent; that
nothing can be unjust. The notions of right and wrong, justice and
injustice have there no place. Where there is no common power, there is
no law: where no law, no injustice."
Hobbes
Who does Rousseau critique in this statement? "____ thinks he’s describing human beings as they naturally are; he is actually describing human beings corrupted by society?"
Hobbes
what does Marx argue about Private property exists by virtue of the alienated view of human?
Common “socialist” or “anarchist” solutions such as raising wages or
redistributing property will not resolve the basic problem
What does locke explain negative freedom as?
One is free if one can act without inference of another
who believes that The more people who comprise the sovereign, the more space there is for quarrel and thus for civil breakdown?
Hobbes
"What crimes, wars, murders, what miseries and horrors would the human race have been spared, had someone pulled up the stakes or filled in the ditch and cried out to his fellow men: ‘Do not listen to this impostor. You are lost if you forget that the fruits of the earth belong to all and the earth to no one!"
Rousseau
What's locke's idea of society?
Society begins when “any number of men” agree to join together into “one
body” that can act according to “the will and determination of the
majority.”
Periodic crises due to "overproduction"
the creation of a world in its own imageWhat is the main question Pateman argues in the revisitation of the social contract?
Why doesn’t sexual subjugation “count” as political subjugation?
Who prefers direct action, praxis (putting idea into practice), and decentralization organizing and mutual aid?
Goldman