Week 1
Hematologic
Hematologic
Week 2
Cardio-pulm
Cardio-pulm
Week 3
Cardiac
Cardiac
Week 4
Pulmonary
Pulmonary
Gold bar case studies
Meds
100
Define koilonychia
Answer: A nail abnormality characterized by thin, concave (spoon-shaped) nails
Resource: Goodman & Fuller pg 326
100
Which valves are closed to prevent backflow during ventricular systole?
Answer: AV valves [Tricuspid & Mitral (bicuspid)]
Resource: O’Sullivan pg 419
100
What condition occurs when a thrombus obstructs a coronary artery?
Answer: Myocardial infarction
Resource: Goodman & Fuller pg 274
100
Name a pulmonary pathology that would present with rales.
Answer: Pneumonia or pulmonary edema
Resource: Goodman & Fuller pg 361, 401
100
A 10-year-old patient presents with a chronic productive cough, frequent lung infections, and a family history of genetic disorders. Pulmonary function tests show reduced FEV1. Question: What pathology is most likely present in this case?
Answer: Cystic fibrosis
Resource: Goodman & Fuller pg 393
100
What is the primary effect of Ventolin?
Answer: Bronchodilator
Resource: Goodman & Fuller pg 831
200
You are scheduled to treat a patient with a history of Hodgkin’s lymphoma. What "red flag" sign or symptom should you monitor for during your session that would warrant immediate referral to the physician?
Changes in lymph node size, shape, tenderness, and consistency
Goodman & Fuller pg 339
200
DAILY DOUBLE
1) How would pulmonary valve stenosis directly affect the cardiac output equation?
2) What heart failure would most likely develop as a result?
1) Pulmonary artery stenosis would increase the afterload.
CO = HR x SV
2) Right sided heart failure (hypertrophy of the right ventricle)
O'Sullivan pg 418
200
Which pathology can be treated with a pericardiocentesis?
Answer: Pericarditis
Resource: Goodman & Fuller pg 296
200
Name 3 lung volumes or capacities that decrease with restrictive lung disease.
Answer: VC, FRC, RV, ERV, and TLC
Resource: Goodman & Fuller pg 389, O’Sullivan pg 391
200
A 72-year-old male with a history of hypertension presents with shortness of breath when lying flat and lung auscultation reveals fine rales at the bases. Question: What type of heart failure is most likely affecting this patient?
Answer: Left sided heart failure
Resource: Goodman & Fuller pg 279
200
How is nitroglycerin administered?
Answer: Sublingually
Resource: Goodman & Fuller pg 270
300
Name 3 causes of hypovolemic shock
Answer: Hemorrhage, vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, burns, Addison’s disease
Resource: Goodman & Fuller Table 10.1
300
Name the heart rhythm seen in the picture
Answer: Atrial fibrillation
Resource: Goodman & Fuller pg 288, O’Sullivan pg 444
300
What precautions will be in place after a patient undergoes a triple coronary artery bypass graft?
Answer: Sternal precautions
Resource: Goodman & Fuller pg 266 box 9.1
300
What type of breathing pattern will cause a decrease in blood pH?
Answer: Hypoventilation
Resource: Goodman & Fuller pg 39
300
A 67-year-old female with a history of COPD presents with swelling in her ankles and abdominal bloating. She reports feeling full quickly and has gained weight recently without dietary changes. Question: What cardiac condition is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
Answer: R sided heart failure
Resource: Goodman & Fuller pg 279
300
How could the chronic use of NSAIDs result in Anemia?
Answer: Common adverse reaction of NSAIDs is GI bleeding
Resource: Goodman & Fuller pg 324
400
What is the most life-threatening complication associated with sickle cell disease that requires emergency medical attention?
Acute chest syndrome or stroke
Goodman & Fuller pg 352
400
Name the heart rhythm seen in the picture
Answer: Sinus Tachycardia (300/2.5 = 120 bpm)
Resource: Goodman & Fuller pg 288, O’Sullivan pg 444
400
There are different types of angina, what is unique about the pathology of Prinzmetal (Variable) angina?
Answer: Symptoms are caused by coronary artery spasm and occur in the morning, frequently at the same time each day and occur at rest
Resource: Goodman & Fuller pg 268
400
What type of breathing patterns is represented by deep respirations at an increased rate?
Answer: Kussmaul’s respirations
Resource: Goodman & Fuller pg 210
400
A 62-year-old male with a history of smoking and diabetes reports leg pain and cramping during walking that resolves with rest. His lower extremities are cool to the touch with weak pulses. Question: What vascular pathology does this presentation suggest?
Answer: Peripheral vascular disease (peripheral arterial disease PAD)
Resource: Goodman & Fuller pg 301
400
What group of cardiac medications will cause frequent urination and possible resulting dehydration, hypotension, and electrolyte imbalances?
Answer: Diuretics
Resource: Goodman & Fuller pg 264 Table 9.5
500
Explain why patients with thrombocytopenia must avoid aspirin.
Patients with thrombocytopenia have a low platelet count and therefore already have an increased risk of bleeding. A single dose of aspirin can suppress normal platelet aggregation for 48 hours or longer (up to 1 week) until newly formed platelets have been released.
Goodman & Fuller pg 352
500
Correctly state the circulation of blood through the heart including chambers, valves, veins, and arteries.
Superior/inferior vena cava ➡️ Right atrium ➡️ Tricuspid valve ➡️ Right ventricle ➡️ Pulmonary valve ➡️ Pulmonary artery ➡️ Lungs ➡️ Pulmonary veins ➡️ Left atrium ➡️ Mitral (bicuspid) valve ➡️ Left ventricle ➡️ Aortic valve ➡️ Aorta ➡️ Body
🫀 REMEMBER: NONE OF THIS BLOOD FLOWING THROUGH THE HEART ACTUALLY SUPPLIES THE HEART WITH BLOOD!!
500
Name 3 ways to assess for a DVT.
Answer: Wells Risk Assessment, Homans’ sign, blood work including D-dimer, doppler ultrasound
Resource: Goodman & Fuller pg 308
500
DAILY DOUBLE
1) Which breathing pattern is represented in the illustration?
2) Explain the pH and CO2 changes within this pattern
1) Cheyne-Stokes Respiration
2) pH and CO2 are opposites
hyperventilation = low CO2 and high pH
hypoventilation (apnea) = high CO2 and low pH
O'Sullivan pg 54
500
A 68-year-old male with a long history of smoking presents with shortness of breath, especially with exertion. He has a thin build with a barrel-shaped chest. Question: What respiratory condition does this patient MOST likely have?
Answer: Emphysema
Resource: Goodman & Fuller pg 379
500
How does Amlodipine treat HTN, angina, and Raynaud's?
Answer: Calcium channel blockers cause vasodilation & ⬇️ contractility
CO = HR x SV
BP = CO × TPR
Resource: Goodman & Fuller pg 263 Table 9.5