Musculoskeletal System
This class lever has the effort (force) between the axis of rotation (fulcrum) and the resistance (load). An example includes elbow flexion.
Class 3 lever (page 50)
Symptoms of this type of motor neuron lesion include flaccidity, weakness of involved muscles, decreased tone, fasciculations, muscle atrophy, and decreased/absent reflexes. Examples include ALS, Bell’s Palsy, muscular dystrophy, poliomyelitis, and Guillain Barre syndrome
Lower Motor Neuron Lesion (page 238)
(DOUBLE SHOT QUESTION) What does ACE stand for in ACE Inhibitor Agents and name one side effect?
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme/ hypotension, dizziness, dry cough, hyperkalemia, hyponatremia (page 371)
An 86-year-old female is restricted to partial weight bearing on the left lower extremity after total hip arthroplasty. The patient's upper extremity strength is 3+/5 and she resides alone. Which assistive device would be MOST appropriate for the patient?
Choices: 1. Lofstrand crutches 2. Axillary crutches 3. Large base quad cane 4. Walker
4. Walker (mock exam #81)
Explanation: A walker would be the most appropriate assistive device for this patient. The walker offers good stability for patients with poor balance and coordination and does not require significant upper extremity strength to use. Additionally, a walker will allow the patient to maintain a partial weight bearing status.
This Fox College instructor emphasizes the “H” in the words “what” “where” “why” and “where” very strongly.
Dr. G (no reference for this question)
This joint receptor is located in the joint capsule, ligaments, synovium, and fat pads. One type is sensitive to non-noxious mechanical stress and the other type is sensitive to noxious mechanical or biomechanical stimuli.
Free Nerve Endings (page 51)
(DOUBLE SHOT QUESTION) These characteristics describe a CVA that has occurred on which side of the brain: increased frustration, decreased processing, possible aphasia (expressive, receptive, or global), possible dysphagia, possible motor apraxia, and decreased discrimination between left and right
Choices: 1. Left Hemisphere 2. Right Hemisphere 3. Brainstem 4. Cerebellum
Left Hemisphere (page 252)
This is is the normal heart rate for an infant
100-130 beats/minute (page 382)
(DOUBLE SHOT QUESTION) This type of ulcer is often associated with diseases such as diabetes mellitus and is characterized as being well defined, oval/circular, in areas of the foot that are susceptible to pressure or shear forces during weight bearing, not painful, dry and loss of protective sensation
Neuropathic ulcer (page 443)
This MMT grade is determined when the patient does not complete the range of motion against gravity, but does complete more than half of the range.
3-/5 (page 77)
Describe the loose/open packed position of the hip joint.
30 degrees flexion, 30 degrees abduction, slight lateral rotation (page 62)
This incomplete lesion occurs below L1 spinal level where the long roots transcend. It is considered a peripheral nerve injury and characteristics include flaccidity, areflexia, and impairment of bowel and bladder function.
Cauda Equina Injury (page 266)
This cardiovascular disease involves clinical presentations such as edema, feelings of heaviness, dull/aching pain in distal lower extremities, and symptoms improve or may fully resolve with elevation and symptoms worsen in dependent positions
Chronic Venous Insufficiency (page 417)
The inflammatory phase of normal wound healing lasts for this amount of time.
1-10 days (page 439)
(DOUBLE SHOT QUESTION) Describe the landmarks of the axis, stationary, and moveable arms when measuring knee flexion and what is the normal ROM measurement?
axis- lateral epicondyle of femur, stationary arm- greater trochanter, moveable arm- lateral malleolus/ 0-135 degrees (page 91)
(DOUBLE SHOT QUESTION) A 52-year-old female is referred to physical therapy with right shoulder pathology. The patient reports a gradual onset of pain beginning six months ago with a progressive loss of range of motion and strength, most notably in lateral rotation and abduction. The patient reports an inability to perform a number of activities of daily living including any tasks requiring the arm to be lifted overhead. Which medical condition is MOST consistent with this scenario?
Choices: 1.Adhesive capsulitis 2.Bicipital tendonitis 3.Rotator cuff tear 4.Subacromial bursitis
1. Adhesive capsulitis (page 142)
This PNF pattern of the shoulder is performed by flexion, adduction, and lateral rotation
D1 flexion pattern (page 261)
This is the age predicted maximal heart rate for a 55 year old patient who is moderately obese and has a history of cardiac disease.
220-55 = 165 bpm (page 386)
(DOUBLE SHOT QUESTION) This gland of the endocrine system is responsible for regulation of the autonomic nervous system (body temperature, appetite, sweating, thirst, sexual behavior, rage, fear, blood pressure, sleep) and other endocrine glands through its impact on the pituitary gland.
Hypothalamus (page 459)
A physical therapist assistant attempts to locate a wheelchair for a patient that is of average height and weight. The therapist identifies a wheelchair with the following dimensions: seat height = 20 inches, seat width = 18 inches, seat depth = 13 inches, back height = 16.5 inches. Which measurement would be the MOST problematic for the patient and what impairment could be caused?
Seat depth (mock exam question #97)
Explanation: The seat depth is measured from the patient’s posterior buttock, along the lateral thigh to the popliteal fold, then subtracting approximately two inches to avoid pressure from the front edge of the seat against the popliteal space. The average seat depth is 16 inches.
$1000 – For this special test, the patient is positioned in sitting or standing. The therapist flexes the patient’s shoulder to 90 degrees of abduction and the medially rotates the arm. A positive test is indicated by pain and may be indicative of shoulder impingement involving the supraspinatus tendon.
Choices: 1. Phalen’s Test 2. Apprehension Test 3. Yergason’s Test 4. Hawkins-Kennedy Test
Hawkins Kennedy Test (page 97)
This dermatome nerve root innervates the lateral arm and forearm to index, long, and ring fingers
Choices: 1. C5 2. C6 3. C7 4. C8
C7 (page 222)
When the patient is in a sitting position leaning back 30-40 degrees and percussion and vibration are performed over the clavicles, this position describes postural drainage from which segment(s) of the lung(s)?
Apical segments right and left upper lobes (page 389)
In the acronym CAUTION when identifying general signs and symptoms of cancer, the A stands for what?
A sore that will not heal (page 488)
This condition is a systemic autoimmune disorder of connective tissue that is characterized by chronic inflammation within synovial membranes, tendon sheaths, and articular cartilage and include signs and symptoms such as fatigue, bilateral involvement, tenderness in smaller joints, pain with motion, morning stiffness, and progression of symptoms in larger synovial joints.
Rheumatoid Arthritis (page 540)