Part 1
______ is swelling caused by removed or damaged lymphatic structures.
Lymphedema
Lymphedema is classified as primary or secondary.
Primary lymphedema is a rare inherited or congenital disorder which causes malformation of lymph structures.
Secondary lymphedema is caused by a condition or procedure that damages or removes lymphatic structures.
Fevers are an absolute CI to massage therapy tx.
True or False
True
Fever is measured body temperature of 100.4° F (38° C) or higher (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2017).
Fever is also called pyrexia.
Normal body temperature ranges from 98° to 100°F (36.5°–37.5°C).
_______ caused by a virus that destroys a type of T cell called CD4. CD4 cells fight infection, over time so many CD4 cells are destroyed that there is an increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections (OIs) and diseases, including cancer.
Human immunodeficiency viral infection (HIV)
HIV can spread through certain body fluids. A person is considered HIV-positive when blood tests positive for HIV antibodies, even if no symptoms are present.
Stage 1: Acute HIV infection
Stage 2: Chronic HIV infection
Stage 3: AIDs a CD4 count of less than 200 cells/mm3 (normal range is between 600 and 1000) or they develop infections not often seen in someone who is just HIV-positive
_____ cells produce antibodies which circulate in body fluids like blood and deactivate pathogens they encounter.
B cells
Diabetes, advanced age, and chronic stress can suppress the immune system.
True or false
True
____is swelling caused by fluids moving from blood vessels into the interstitial spaces, the lymphatic system is intact and undamaged.
edema
Edema can occur anywhere in the body, but most cases are peripheral edema, edema of the upper or lower extremities.
_________, also called adaptive immunity, is selective and directed against particular pathogens and involves specialized lymphocytes called T cells and B cells.
Specific immunity
Specific immunity can be acquired either naturally as a result of simple exposure or artificially as a result of introducing substances into the body (e.g., vaccinations).
_______is a rare type of arthritis leading to calcification and fusion of joints, usually in the spine and sacroiliac joints.
Ankylosing Spondylitis
- intervertebral discs are replaced with bony material, taking on the appearance of bamboo, and are called bamboo spine.
______ cells leave the lymphatic tissues and kill pathogens they encounter.
T cells
_____Occurs from an inappropriate or excessive immune response in which the body no longer recognizes its own healthy tissue and attacks it because the body believes the tissue is foreign.
autoimmune disease
Infections are common complications of chronic lymphedema, especially if left untreated. These complications include ______ (bacterial infection of the skin and underlying tissues) and _______ (bacterial infection of the lymph vessels).
cellulitis
lymphangitis
______ is an acute viral disease that presents as an upper respiratory infection of the nose and throat with mild symptoms. Caused by Epstein–Barr virus, a very common virus.
Mononucleosis
also called the kissing disease
________is chronic condition characterized by widespread pain and joint stiffness, restless sleep, and chronic fatigue. “Widespread” is defined as pain on both sides of the body, as well as above and below the waist.
There are no signs of inflammation or degeneration in the tissues. The affected person experiences periods of exacerbation and remission.
Fibromyalgia
_____ cells are produced so re-exposure to the same pathogen will stimulate an immune response more rapidly
Memory T cells
________are an overreaction of immune response to otherwise harmless agents; also called a hypersensitivity reaction type I
Allergies
lymphadenopathy
________is a disorder characterized by extreme fatigue without any identifiable cause or underlying condition. The fatigue is not relieved by rest and may worsen with physical or mental activity.
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
The cause of ME/CFS is unknown, but it appears to be linked to an overactive immune response.
All blood cells are formed in red bone marrow
true or false
true
_____cells attack and kill abnormal cells such as tumor cells or virus infected cells before an immune response is activated
Natural Killer cells
Substances that cause allergic reactions are called______
allergens.
Non Hodgkins Lymphoma is far more common than Hodgkins Lyphoma.
True or False
True - Hodgkins lymphoma is cancer of the lymphatic system. HL is one of two types of lymphatic cancers.
The other type, NHL, is similar to HL, except NHL is initially more widespread, with multiple node involvement and unorganized metastases in early stages. The disease is often well advanced at diagnosis. Several subtypes of NHL exist.
________is a chronic autoimmune, inflammatory disease affecting the body’s connective tissues. It commonly affects skin, joints, brain, kidneys, lungs, and other organs
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Two Main Types of Lymphocytes involved in immunity
T cells and B cells
_____cells secrete hormones to stimulate B cell development
swollen throat, chest tightness, SOB, hives, nausea, vomiting, lightheadedness, loss of consciousness, rapid/weak pulse, shock are signs of:
anaphylaxis