Population Health
Screening for high blood pressure or elevated blood glucose before symptoms develop is an example of this level of prevention.
Secondary prevention
This type of cholesterol/lipoprotein is often called “bad cholesterol” because it contributes to plaque buildup in arteries.
LDL
The primary metabolic fuels include these 2 nutrient groups
Carbohydrates and fats
The network of capillaries in each nephron is called this
The most advanced stage of chronic liver disease, which occurs when healthy tissue has been largely replaced by scar tissue and regenerated cells, is called this.
Cirrhosis
This measure is especially useful for diseases or injuries that cause premature death.
Years of potential life lost (YLL)
This type of cardiovascular disease results from reduced blood flow, often due to blocked arteries.
Ischemic heart disease
Glucose is stored in this form in the body
as glycogen in the liver (mainly) and skeletal muscle
When dialysis is needed, CKD has progressed to this condition
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Vaccination is an important prevention strategy for this hepatitis virus
Hepatitis B
This population health measure would be especially informative for a disease that rarely kills people but causes long-term disability.
Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs)
This mineral can help lower blood pressure and counteract some of sodium’s effects.
Potassium
This type of diabetes is strongly associated with insulin resistance, obesity, and adult onset, although it can occur in youth.
Type 2 diabetes
The kidney’s main function can be summarized as these two steps
filtration and reabsorption
These are the 3 primary causes of CLD
Alcohol, obesity, and viral hepatitis
This public health concept describes how a prevention strategy may offer small benefits to each individual but large benefits to the population.
What type of stroke could result from hypertensive CVD?
hemorrhagic stroke
A fasting blood glucose level of 100-125 mg/dL is generally considered this.
Prediabetes
These 2 measures are typically used to diagnose CKD
The type of liver disease characterized by steatosis that is not related to alcohol use is called this.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
- Now called metabolic disease associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD)
This type of cause is a complete causal pathway that is enough to produce disease
Sufficient cause
What kind of medication might be used to prevent CVD in someone with high cholesterol?
statins
This hormone, produced by adipose tissue, helps signal long-term energy stores and influences appetite regulation.
Leptin
These are the 2 primary causes of CKD
Diabetes and hypertension (obesity combined with diabetes in the book)
This racial group has the highest rates of CLD
American Indian/Alaska Native